Inflammation and Neoplasms: A Comprehensive Guide to Pathogenesis, Symptoms, and Prevention
Pathogenesis of Inflammation:
- Vascular Changes: Vasodilation occurs, increasing blood flow, leading to congestion. Dilated capillaries become more permeable, allowing fluids to leak out and cause swelling.
- Cellular Changes: Leukocytes adhere to the vessel walls (leukocyte marginalization). They then cross the endothelium and migrate to the site of infection through a process called diapedesis. At the site of the lesion, leukocytes phagocytize foreign particles and live agents, a process known as phagocytosis.
Occupational Health and Safety: A Comprehensive Guide to Risks, Hazards, and Consequences
Health and Safety at Work:
Concept: We can define safety and health at work as all measures taken during the performance of work to protect the worker from the risks of injury and illness that it entails. (Within the working environment). Terminology: One of the problems that arise from the description of this material is its terminology. It was originally called “Industrial Hygiene,” which is inadequate because it regulates other subjects such as agriculture, trade, etc. However, the concept of
Read MoreChild and Adolescent Psychiatry Notes
Stages of Psycho-Social Development (E. Erikson)
5 Stages:
Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust (0-18 Months)
- 0-18 Months
- Most fundamental stage in life
- Infant development is based on trust, dependability, and quality of caregiver
- If a child develops trust, they will feel secure and safe in the world
- If a caregiver is unavailable or rejecting… Failure to develop trust will result in fear and a belief that the world is unpredictable
Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt (18 Months – 3 Years)
- 18 Months – 3 Years
- Greater
Childhood and Adolescent Psychiatry: Disorders, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Understanding Angina Pectoris, Myocardial Infarction, and Other Cardiac Conditions
Angina Pectoris (AP)
Etiology and Risk Factors
AP + Ischemia | Blood Supply to the Myocardium | Myocardial O2 Demand |
1. Myocardial O2 Demand > Oxygen Supply 2. Cellular Acidosis & Lactate Release 3. ST Depression on ECG → ST Depression in the absence of angina is called = Silent Ischemia !!! Angina = Ischemia | • Coronary Artery, Aortic Stenosis • Coronary Artery Spasm • Hypercoagulation States • Anemia • Increased Heart Rate • |
Cardiovascular System: Angina Pectoris, Myocardial Infarction, Heart Valve Diseases, and More
Angina Pectoris (AP):
| AP + Ischemia: | Blood Supply to the Myocardium: | Myocardial Oxygen Demand: |
1. Myocardial Oxygen Demand > Oxygen Supply → ST ↓ in the absence of angina is called silent ischemia.2. Cellular Acidosis & Lactate Release 3. ST Segment Depression (ST ↓) on ECG !!! Angina = Ischemia | • Coronary Artery (CA) Stenosis → Stable angina if > 70% lumen obliteration • CA Spasm (Endothelial Dysfunction) • Hypercoagulation States • Anemia • ↑ Heart Rate |