Understanding Infectious Diseases: Epidemiology and Drug Resistance
Understanding Infectious Diseases and Public Health
1. Differentiating Epidemic, Endemic, and Pandemic
An epidemic is an outbreak of an infectious disease that spreads quickly, infecting a large number of people within a specific region or population.
If the disease remains consistently present within a determined geographic area or population at predictable rates, it is called endemic.
If the disease infects many countries or continents at the same time, spreading globally, it is called a pandemic.
Read MoreEssential English Vocabulary and Idioms for Fluency
Advanced Vocabulary and Professional Terminology
This section defines complex words and phrases, including business and financial terms, crucial for professional communication and advanced English comprehension.
- Appraisal
- An evaluation of something, often performance or value.
- Array
- A large group or collection of things or people.
- Badgering
- Repeatedly asking someone to do something.
- Bit of Wretched Genre of Literature
- A phrase expressing displeasure or disappointment.
- Carcass
- The dead body of an animal.
- Cavernous
- Something
Understanding Major Health Conditions and Risk Factors
Genetic Diseases and Their Causes
A genetic disease is a disorder caused by an alteration in a gene, known as a mutation. These mutations can occur randomly or as a result of exposure to certain environmental risk factors, such as tobacco smoke.
Environmental Factors Affecting Health
Environmental factors, such as certain chemicals, air pollution, or allergenic substances, also play an important role in the occurrence of diseases and the expression of certain genes.
Key Environmental Factors:
- Exposure
Essential Medical Vocabulary and Health Concepts
Essential Blood Terminology
- Blood (Sangre): The red liquid that circulates in the arteries and veins of humans and other vertebrate animals, carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide.
- Blood Cell (Glóbulo): Any of the kinds of cells normally found circulating in the blood.
- Blood Type (Tipo de sangre): Another term for blood group.
- Blood Donor (Donante de sangre): A person who gives blood for transfusion.
- Blood Recipient (Receptores de sangre): The individual who receives blood or blood components from a donor.
Patient Positioning and Pressure Ulcer Prevention
Ergonomics in Patient Care
Ergonomics is the science of designing work to fit the user. When applied properly, it can increase energy and work performance by providing solutions to:
- Improve working conditions
- Decrease fatigue
- Prevent injuries
- Increase satisfaction and work performance
Body Positions for Patient Care
Postural changes are used to facilitate patient examination and treatment, prevent injuries, and ensure user comfort. Positions can be divided into:
- Basic Positions: Supine (dorsal decubitus)
Clinical Assessment: Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnostic Insights
Gastrointestinal Disease Symptoms and Signs
Acute appendicitis, pancreatitis, dyspepsia, esophageal disturbances (pyrosis, regurgitation, odynophagia, dysphagia), gastroduodenal ulcers, gallbladder colic, reflux esophagitis, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) pain, viral hepatitis, hepatic steatosis, diverticulitis, anorectal lesions, and cholecystitis are common conditions.
Abdominal Pain Differentiation
Abdominal pain is differentiated according to Maratka and Jones zones. Types include:
- Somatic: Localized