Digestive System Disorders: Symptoms and Treatments

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disorder (GERD)

  • Definition: Reflux occurring two or more times a week
  • Erosive Esophagitis: Inflammation due to acidity
  • Signs and Symptoms: Regurgitation, pyrosis (heartburn), pain
  • Causes: Increased intra-abdominal pressure, high alcohol/fat/chocolate intake
  • Complications: Esophageal stricture (narrowing due to scarring), Barrett’s metaplasia (precancerous change with mucous cells)
  • Treatment: Medications (antacids, proton-pump inhibitors, histamine blockers), lifestyle changes

Achalasia

  • Definition:
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Workplace Health and Safety: Understanding Risks and Prevention

Work and Health: Understanding the Relationship

Work directly affects health, both positively and negatively.

  • Positive: Work can provide economic stability, personal development, mental stimulation, independence, and satisfaction.
  • Negative: Work can lead to occupational diseases (e.g., stress, depression) and accidents.

World Health Organization (WHO) Definition of Health

Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Employer Responsibilities

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English Vocabulary and Grammar: Jobs, Nature, Travel, Tenses

Jobs

  • Actor /æktə/ – Actor / Actriz
  • Artist /’ɑːtɪst/ – Artista
  • Astronaut /’æstrənɔːt/ – Astronauta
  • Author /ɔːˈθɔːr/ – Autor/a
  • Businessperson /bɪznəspɜːsn/ – Empresario/a, Persona de negocios
  • Cleaner /kliːnə/ – Limpiador/a
  • Dentist /’dentɪst/ – Dentista
  • Driver /draɪvə/ – Conductor/a
  • Firefighter /faɪəfaɪtə/ – Bombero/a
  • Footballer /fʊtbɔːlə/ – Futbolista
  • Hairdresser /’heədresə/ – Peluquero/a
  • Lawyer /lɔːjə/ – Abogado/a
  • Librarian /laɪˈbreəriən/ – Bibliotecario/a
  • Mechanic /məˈkænɪk/
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Medieval Literature: Key Texts and Manuscript Analysis

Key Texts of Medieval Literature

The Wife of Bath: 1392-1395

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: c. 1375-1400

Le Morte d’Arthur: 1469-70 (Winchester MS 1470-1480)

Manuscript 4: 14th or 15th Century

Textura semiquadrata formata, early 15th century

  1. Whereof may well be justified
  2. That they may not be deified
  3. And who that taketh away the honor
  4. Which due is to the creator
  5. And giveth it to the creature
  6. He doth too great a forfeiture
  7. But of Chaldee nonetheless
  8. Upon this faith though it belies
  9. They hold affirmed the credance
  10. So
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Patient Hospitalization: Factors, Relationships, and Humanized Care

Hospitalization

A hospitalized patient becomes identified by a bed number, specific pathology, and hospital protocols, while experiencing a range of emotions.

Factors Affecting Hospitalization

  • Nature of health problem
  • Patient age (older patients and hospitalized children require special considerations)

Coping Strategies

  • Problem-focused coping: Active effort to change the situation.
  • Emotion-focused coping: Passivity, acceptance of treatment, seeking social support.
  • Avoidant coping: Denial of the condition,
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Health and Disease: Concepts, Determinants, Prevention, and Statistics

1) Concept of Health and Disease

The concept of health has been changing over time. Long defined in negative terms (health = no disease), it is currently used as defined by the WHO in 1946: “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being.” This definition is subjective and utopian, and many institutions disagreed with it. Its drawback is that it measures health as an absolute state and does not admit different degrees. The concept of health varies by country and historical

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