Clinical Allergy and Immunology: Key Diseases, Diagnosis, and Management Protocols
Urticaria (Hives)
- Related Condition: Angioedema.
- Manifests as rashes all over the body.
- Skin Layers Involved: Upper layers of the dermis.
- Itching Mechanism: H1 receptor activation by histamine.
- Main Symptoms of Hives: Local edema, erythema, and itching.
- Duration of Exposure (Individual Lesion): Typically 24 to 48 hours.
- Can be confused with urticarial vasculitis.
- Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria (CSU): Diagnosed if symptoms persist for more than 6 weeks.
- CSU Rash Characteristics: Size and shape of the rashes
Key Pillars of Human Advancement: Health, Science, and Space
The Positive Impact of a Healthy Lifestyle
Did you know that humans who maintain a healthy lifestyle tend to be happier? Having healthy habits is completely necessary in order to enjoy life to the fullest. A healthy lifestyle involves many benefits, including:
- Living longer
- Promoting better mental health
- Sleeping well
1. Disease Prevention and Immunity
Having a healthy lifestyle is inherently related to disease prevention. Staying physically active can help to increase your immunity towards various chronic
Read MoreRespiratory and Hematologic Systems: Core Concepts and Disorders
The Respiratory System: Anatomy, Function, and Disorders
Core Respiratory Topics
- Structure and function of the respiratory system
- Causes of respiratory disorders
- Diagnostic tools and nursing care
- Prevention strategies and patient teaching
1. Anatomy of the Respiratory System
Upper Respiratory Tract
- Nose
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- Epiglottis
- Paranasal sinuses
Lower Respiratory Tract
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Bronchioles
- Alveoli
- Lungs
Key Function: Alveoli are the primary site where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with the blood.
Read MoreEssential Nursing Concepts: Respiratory, IV, and Fluid Balance
1. Oxygen Delivery & Safety
- Oxygen Delivery Methods:
- Nasal cannula: 1-6 L/min
- Masks: 3-7 L/min
- Safety Precautions: Use humidification for high-flow oxygen and avoid sparks near oxygen sources.
- Fire Safety: Oxygen supports combustion and is a significant fire hazard. Ensure proper handling.
- COPD Oxygen Therapy: Administer low-flow oxygen at 2-3 L/min to prevent respiratory depression.
- Signs of Hypoxia: Tachypnea, confusion, cyanosis, restlessness, and dyspnea.
- Pulse Oximeter: This device monitors oxygen
Essential Knowledge Test for Home Support Workers
Home Management and Support Worker Knowledge Test (25 Questions)
This quiz covers essential duties, prioritization, cleaning protocols, and safety procedures for support workers in home management roles. All correct answers are provided below.
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What must a support worker do when faced with their primary role of providing personal care to the client at the same time as household tasks?
✔ Prioritize tasks -
How should the support worker dry eating and cooking utensils (if no dishwasher)?
✔ By letting
Essential Nutrition and Food Safety Principles
The Eatwell Guide: Achieving a Balanced Diet
A balanced diet is essential because it:
- Provides energy for survival.
- Supports the growth and repair of body tissue.
- Maintains essential bodily functions.
- Prevents hunger.
- Promotes overall health and well-being.
The Five Food Groups
- Fruit and vegetables.
- Starchy carbohydrates (Potatoes, bread, rice, pasta).
- Proteins (Beans, pulses, fish, eggs, meat).
- Dairy and alternatives.
- Fats and oils.
The Eatwell Guide applies to everyone regardless of weight, dietary restrictions,
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