Quantitative Data Collection and Analysis in Research
Quantitative Data Collection
Development and Implementation of Surveys
Obtaining data on both objective (factual) and subjective (opinions, attitudes) aspects based on information (oral and written) provided by the subject.
Creating Questionnaires
The basic tool for data collection in survey research, producing information through questioning.
Response Bias
- Order Effects: A tendency to always choose the first or last response alternatives (e.g., assigning a rating on a scale of 1-7).
- Acquiescence Bias:
Automated Process Management: Optimizing Value Chains
Automated Process Management
Optimizing the Value Chain
Automated process management tools digitize and organize the value chain by integrating horizontal and vertical systems to create integral services.
Horizontal Systems
These systems accelerate market response and enhance the ability to deliver desired products. They improve the efficiency and effectiveness of key processes, facilitating interconnected business areas with rapid information flows.
Vertical Systems
These systems provide specific solutions
Read MoreCartographic Standards and Thematic Map Design
Cartographic Standards for Series Mapping
These standards ensure uniformity across all pages of a series map. They specify the design of symbols, colors, and typography for a consistent result.
Lettering
Text size and spacing should reflect importance and extent. Lettering must be appropriate for its type (e.g., road, city, region) and consider order and qualitative differences.
Labeling Order
- Inflexible phenomena
- Point phenomena
- Linear features
- Surface features
- Contour lines
Basemap
The basemap (including
Read MoreStatistical Analysis of Data Distribution and Correlation
| Interval | Class Mark (Xi) | Mean (X) | Momentum in n and n = number raised to the point | Pearson |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linf – Lsup | (Linf + Lsup) / 2 | (xi – X) (xi – X) * nfi | b2 = moment4 / (σ2)2 (where σ2 is the population variance)
|
Data Distribution Analysis
The Pearson coefficient (B2) is based on the fourth moment about the mean.
For example, for samples of size 40:
- If B2 < 2.15, the distribution is negatively skewed (platykurtic).
- If B2 > 3.99, the distribution is positively skewed.
- If B2 > 3, the distribution is more pointed
Understanding Regression Analysis and Variable Relationships
Relationship Between Variables and Regression: The term “regression” was introduced by Galton in his 1889 book Natural Inheritance, referring to the universal law of regression: each peculiarity in a person is shared by their descendants, but on average, to a lesser degree (regression to the mean). His work focused on describing the physical traits of descendants (a variable) based on their parents (another variable).
Pearson (Galton’s friend) conducted a study of over 1,000 households, examining
Read MoreUnivariate Data Analysis: Frequency Tables, Graphs, and Statistical Measures
1. Household Size Frequency Distribution
When 20 individuals were asked about the number of people living in their homes, the following responses were collected:
a) Frequency Table
b) Distribution Graph
2. Telephones per Household
A telephone company is interested in the number of telephones (including mobile phones) in homes. A survey yielded the following responses:
a) Frequency Table
b) Distribution Graph
3. Multiple-Choice Test Results
In a class, a multiple-choice test with 40 questions was administered.
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