Understanding Spanish Grammar: Direct, Indirect Objects & More
Direct Object (DO)
A direct object (complemento directo or CD) is a noun or noun phrase that complements a transitive verb. When it refers to people, it is preceded by the preposition “a”. The direct object usually follows the verb, but Castilian allows for variations. In such cases, the direct object pronoun (lo, la, los, las) is repeated.
Example: I found the girl at home.
Indirect Object (IO)
An indirect object (complemento indirecto or CI) is a prepositional phrase that refers to the entity that
Read MoreUnderstanding Pronouns: Types, Uses, and Functions
Pronouns
Pronouns are words that replace noun phrases and can fulfill the same functions as nouns. Neutral pronouns may be substituted for a sentence, a paragraph, or even a whole text. They can replace words that are not nouns. Pronouns are distinguished because they have a meaning that is context-dependent, occasional, linguistic, and communicative. They can be deictic or perform a function referring to an element of linguistic context. When referring to a previous item, it is called anaphora,
Read MoreUnderstanding English Grammar: Nouns, Verbs, Sentences
Nouns
- Nouns: A noun is a thing, a feeling, or the name of a person or place (a naming word).
- Proper Nouns: A proper noun is a name of a place or person and needs a capital letter. Examples: Paris, Jason, Farnley Lane.
- Concrete Nouns: A concrete noun is a thing that you can touch. Examples: brick, cup, river, letter, brain.
- Abstract Nouns: An abstract noun is a thing that exists, but you cannot touch it. Examples: love, hate, thought, philosophy.
- Singular and Plural: Singular means just one thing or person.
Linguistic Elements: Monemes, Morphemes, and Syntax
Linguistic Elements
Monemes:
Lexemes: Nouns, Adjectives, Verbs, Adverbs
Morphemes indep: Determinants, conjunctions, prepositions, interjections, pronouns.
Morphemes Dep.:
Modularity:
- Nominal: Gen, N ยบ.
- Verbal Mod, time, Aspec. Per. No, Gen, Voice
- Adjective: Gen. No. Grade
Adfijos: prefix, infix, suffix.
Prayer: Structure. composed of subject and predicate.
Phrase: a set of words that play a role.
Sintag. Rated: Group of words with a determiner, and adjacent nucleus.
Nouns
Noun: Core SN, Modularity word designates
Read MoreUnderstanding Conditional, Concessive, and Final Clauses
Condition, Object, and Purpose – In addition to time, place, manner, and comparison, adverbial subordinates can express condition, object, or purpose. To express a condition or hypothesis, these structures are used:
- Noun phrase with preposition: With only five dollars, families live one day.
- Conditional subordinate clauses: If they had taken more help, it would have been safer.
- Audio: With everything and with that, the young man managed to reach the Canary Islands.
- Concessive subordinate clauses: Although
Subjunctive and Imperative Moods in Latin Grammar
Subjunctive Mood
The subjunctive is a mood used to express an action that exists in thought and the subjective attitude of the person speaking. It conveys desire, exhortation, supposition, doubt, possibility, and unreality. It’s used especially in the construction of subordinate clauses. The tenses of the subjunctive mood are the present and imperfect, and their perfect tenses are the present perfect and pluperfect.
- Amo, -as, -are: Present = amem, Imperfect = amarem, Present Perfect = amaverim, Pluperfect