SE, Impersonal Forms, Coordination, and Subordination
SE: Values and Functions
SE Values
Without syntactic function:
- Inseparable from the verb (pronominal verbs): Él se arrepiente de su acción (He regrets his action).
- Modifier of the verb’s meaning: Él se acuerda de sus padres (He remembers his parents) / Acuerdan un trato (They agree on a deal).
- Inchoative aspect morpheme: Él se marcha a casa (He leaves for home).
- Middle voice morpheme: Juan se asusta de Ana (John is scared of Ana) / Ana se asusta (Ana gets scared).
- Intransitivization morpheme (transitive
Morphemes, Nouns, Adjectives, and Pronouns
The Morpheme Gender
The gender morpheme is one of the constituent morphemes of the noun, together with other morphemes. Necessarily, all nouns belong to one gender or another. From the point of view of the signifier, nouns can be variable or constant. Invariant nouns do not allow variation. Variables allow variation in several ways, for example, replacing the -a brand for female: “clienta” (female client). From the point of view of meaning, they may be unmotivated, having no reason to belong to one
Read MoreRules of Language: Definitions and Applications
Here are some rules that must be followed:
- The rules: are rules that must be fixed as or as something must be done.
- The intrusions: are indications that guide the orderly manner of doing or using something.
- A word or expression is used figuratively used with a meaning different from its literal meaning.
- The personification: of attributing qualities or actions of animate beings themselves to inanimate beings.
- The comparison relates two elements which have some similarity.
- The metaphor is to associate two
Locative Alternation: Understanding Verb Variations
In the locative alternation, certain verbs denoting the transfer of a substance or set of objects (the theme, content, locatum, or figure) into or onto a container or surface (the goal, container, location, or ground) allow two variants:
I. The Locative Variant
In the locative variant, the theme/content/locatum/figure is the direct object of the verb, and the goal/container/location/ground follows, introduced by a preposition (59a, b).
II. The With Variant
In the with variant, the goal/container/location/
Read MoreAdjectives, Verbs, Clauses, and Coordination in English
Adjectives vs. Verbs
Attributive Position: Adjectives in attributive position cannot be used predicatively and are not gradable. Adverbs that typically modify these items are manner adverbs.
Worth vs. Due: These adjectives are complements of “become.” “Due” is a preposition that admits a noun phrase (NP) complement and may be followed by an -ing form.
Adjective Phrases (AdjPH) and Adverb Phrases (AdvPH)
AdjPH: Modification (modifier + head) or complementation (head + complement).
AdvPH: Adverb modifiers
Read MoreUnderstanding English Grammar: Key Components
Adjective
In grammar, an adjective is a “describing” word; the main syntactic role of which is to qualify a noun or noun phrase, giving more information about the object signified.
Nouns
Nouns are a part of speech typically denoting a person, place, thing, animal, or idea. In linguistics, a noun is a member of a large, open lexical category whose members can occur as the main word in the subject of a clause, the object of a verb, or the object of a preposition.
Adverb
An adverb is a word that changes
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