Obscenity Law Evolution: The Fanny Hill Story
SECTION 1 – Passage Identification (40 points)
💡 Tip: Memorize title + date + key idea.
1️⃣ First Amendment (1791) → Protects freedom of speech but does not define its limits. Key cases: Roth v. U.S., Miller v. California.
2️⃣ Fourteenth Amendment (1868) → Applies constitutional rights to states, influencing censorship laws.
3️⃣ Regina v. Hicklin (1868) → Obscenity = any material that could “corrupt.”
4️⃣ Comstock Act (1873) → Bans obscene materials, contraceptives, and
Read MoreSpanish Constitutional Principles for Taxation and Finance
Normative Nature of Constitutional Principles
Constitutional principles are fundamental elements of the financial system and its institutions (including compulsory contributions or “tributo”, credit revenue, public assets, and the Budget). They are legally binding and possess normative value. We must consider the following:
- Direct Normative Value: The Spanish Constitution (SC) is the supreme norm of the legal order, subjecting both citizens and public authorities to its provisions. This normative
Public Administration: Concepts, Structure, and Liability
Concept of Public Administration
Criteria for definition:
- Subjective Criteria (Subjects): The group of organizations and entities within the executive power.
- Objective Criteria: Any body or entity whose main function is to administer, meaning the set of activities aimed at fulfilling the general interest or public needs.
- Formal Criterion: The most characteristic aspect of public administration is the legal treatment its organizations and activities receive under administrative law. Anything regulated
Understanding Autonomous Communities’ Powers and Finances
Other Institutions
The Ombudsman
The Ombudsman defends the rights and freedoms of citizens against abuse by the Regional Administration, based on law or administrative procedure.
The Court of Auditors
The Court of Auditors (CA) audits public accounts of the Public Administrations (AAPP), including those of the Autonomous Communities (CCAA), councils, and municipalities. It manages and controls public expenditure and accounting of the autonomous regions, municipalities, and the council.
The Advisory Council
The
Read MoreCore Legal Principles and Branches of Law
Fundamentals of Law and Legal Systems
Law establishes rules that govern society and define the status of individuals and entities within it. Legal rules create rights, impose obligations, and bring institutions to life.
Understanding Legal Subjects and Permissions
The primary legal subjects in law are humans, although, in theory, the law can grant the status of a legal subject to other entities.
Permissions within the law can be understood in two ways:
- Implicit Permission: Actions are permitted if there
Technical Engineers: Professional Practice & Contract Types
Technical Engineers: Roles and Organizations
The exercise of the engineering profession occurs within various organizational structures, often in increasing order of complexity: Free Exercise (Sole Practitioner) > Technical Project Office > Engineering Technology Office > Engineering Company/Firm > Consulting Firm > Macroengineering Organization.
Private Practice for Engineers
Architects and Engineers are empowered to write projects, direct works, and write reports – all activities
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