Fundamental Principles of International and EU Environmental Law
Basic Obligations of International Environmental Law
The basic obligations of international environmental law are often considered the foundation of this area of law.
The Principle of Cooperation
Known as the principle of good neighborliness, it is enshrined in most international treaties on the matter. Its performance has often been the subject of international disputes in relation to transboundary resources. For example, a clash between Ireland and the UK regarding the installation of a power plant
Read MoreUnderstanding Constitutional Sources: Law, Custom, and Pacts
Constitutional Sources
Primary Sources
Primary sources do not presuppose the existence or operation of other prior sources. Examples include genuine constituent power, assumed habit when the law is against it, and the social contract.
Secondary Sources
Secondary sources presuppose the existence or operation of other sources. An example is the case law of constitutional reform.
The Role of Custom
Customary, repeating actions and behaviors can effect changes in constitutions. For this to happen, constitutions
Read MoreUnderstanding Public Service: Roles, Subrogation, and Ethics
Instructions and Orders of Service
The instruction or order of service is determined by the authority of a service, through which orders are given to staff. The utility commission is characterized by the following:
- It should be made by an administrative act.
- It is to perform certain activities.
- It is limited in time.
- It cannot mean an official expense.
- It can mean the transfer of staff.
Subrogation
Subrogation is the automatic replacement mechanism established by law, so that an official is always in charge,
Read MoreSocial Security and Labor Regulations in Spain
Labor and Immigration in Spain
The Ministry of Labor and Immigration is the body responsible for implementing employment policy, job management, social welfare policies, equality, and immigration.
Healthcare and Social Security
The Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs is responsible for the implementation of health policy and healthcare from the government. Social security management is done through management entities and common services, with the collaboration of organizations and companies.
Managing
Read MoreHolocaust Denial vs. Freedom of Expression: Spanish Court Case
**Holocaust Denial vs. Freedom of Expression: A Spanish Court Case**
Context
This case was filed against a Spanish book shop specializing in literature defending Nazi Germany and denying the Holocaust. This court case deals with freedom of expression and hurting the fundamental rights of others. The Constitutional Court had to balance the rights of freedom of expression against the duty not to violate another’s constitutional rights.
Summary
- The Third Section of the Provincial Court of Barcelona has
Understanding Geographical Names, Trade Names, and Establishment Labels
Geographical Names
At the Direction of Origin
Understand the designation, directly or indirectly, geographically and place of manufacture, production, or extraction of the product. The LM prohibits the use of claims of false and misleading sources to protect consumers. The use of indications of source in the traffic has to follow the principle of truthfulness, and the use of false indications of origin constitutes a crime (Article 275 CP).
Appellation of Origin
This means the geographical name of the
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