International Business Law: Key Concepts and Regulations
International Business Law: Key Concepts
Despite the positive publicity, the phrases except political culture.
Any company doing business outside the home country should study political culture.
Categories of political risk listed by EIU (Economist Intelligence Unit) include except political turmoil.
Bureaucracy is listed as a political risk category by: EIU (Economist Intelligence Unit).
Various types of political risk insurance to U.S. companies is provided by: OPIC (Overseas Private Investment Corporation)
Read MorePrimary Sources of Islamic Law: Quran and Sunna
Main Legal Sources of Muslim/Islamic Law
The primary sources of Islamic law are the Qur’an, the Sunna, the consensus (Ijma), and analogy (Qiyas). Custom (Urf) is a more disputed source.
The Qur’an
The Qur’an is the book containing the revelations that the Prophet Muhammad claimed to have received, in Arabic, directly from God through the archangel Gabriel. It is the first book in the Arabic language. The final, official version is the work of the third Caliph, Uthman.
The only criterion used to
Read MoreTax Advances, Debt Extinction, and Tax Procedures
Tax Advances
Tax advances refer to situations where the tax obligation arises before the taxable event has fully occurred.
- Direct: The taxpayer required to pay coincides with the one making the advance (e.g., installment payments).
- Indirect: The taxpayer making the advance is not the same as the one ultimately liable for the tax (e.g., withholdings, income tax deductions, revenue accounts).
Extinction of Tax Debt
Payment
Payment must fulfill these conditions:
- Identity: Payment must be exactly what is owed.
Understanding Budgeting: Congress, Presidential Veto & More
Understanding Key Budgeting Concepts
The National Congress, according to common law, can add or correct bills if they relate to the project’s core ideas, following appropriate procedures. Article 62 of the Constitution limits Parliament to accepting, reducing, or refusing services, jobs, salaries, loans, benefits, expenses, and other initiatives proposed by the President.
Presidential Veto on Budget Bills
A Presidential veto is the President’s disapproval of a bill, preventing its enactment. This veto
Read MoreUnderstanding Tax Regulations: Key Concepts and Definitions
Taxable Persons and Exemptions
Taxable persons: Natural persons or legal entities of Article 35.4 of the LGT, provided that they engage in any of the activities giving rise to the taxable event. Whether or not the habitual exercise of the activity is irrelevant.
Exemptions: Exempt from payment are:
- Public administrations and their agencies
- Taxpayers who are beginning activity during the first two tax years
- Other taxable persons (individuals, subject to corporation tax liabilities, institutions operating
Understanding Advertising Subjects and Legal Responsibilities
The Subject of Advertisement
The subject of advertisement is a subject of law that has rights and obligations in a legal relationship of advertising. They can be individuals, legal entities, or even the State itself. They should also be distinguished from other persons involved in marketing communication who are not advertising-taxable because they are not bound by contractual relations in advertising, but by other contracts, such as an employment contract. The subject condition is given by the LGP
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