Civil, Trade, and Tax Law: Key Concepts and Principles
Civil, Trade, and Tax Law: Key Concepts and Principles
Part 1 – Civil Law
- The particular interest must not be submitted to the common good. FALSE
- We can have legal certainty…the principle according to which we can: Ask for the help of the courts to obtain the application of rules.
- Law and justice are not the same. TRUE
- Circumstances that limit the application of our legal system: Statehood, territoriality, and temporality.
- The EU legislative activity is structured around two types of rules: FALSE
- The
State Sovereignty and Territory in International Relations
Item 8 – The State
The state is a privileged actor, particularly for realists like Morgenthau. However, transnational actors are increasingly challenging the state’s role.
The state remains a crucial reference point when analyzing the international system. We can discuss both state crisis and state-building.
Evidence of state consolidation can be seen in the increasing number of states. However, the crisis of the state is associated with challenges from non-state actors and the need to apply the concept
Read MoreUnderstanding EU Institutions, Functions, and Citizen Rights
The Principle of Subsidiarity: The EU is only active in areas of common interest, developing solutions more effectively than individual member states and their administrations.
EU Institutions and Their Spanish Counterparts
Institutions:
- EU: European Parliament, Council of the European Union, European Commission, Court of Justice, Court of Auditors.
- Spain: Spanish Parliament, Autonomous Councils, Council of Ministers, Court of Auditors.
Agencies:
- Spain: Spanish Town Halls, Social Agents, Senate, Bank
Regulatory Powers and Their Relationship with the Law
Nature and Basis of Regulatory Powers
Regulatory powers are characterized by the following:
- There is no reservation for a regulation in areas where our Basic Law does not explicitly exclude direct legal intervention.
- Our Constitution does not contain a general reserve of Law, although there are partial reserves that impede the exercise of regulatory power in the reserved area without the prior existence of a regulation having the force of law.
- The range of premium on the Law of the Administration’s
Patent and Copyright Essentials: Eligibility, Application, and Protection
Patent and Copyright Essentials
What Inventions Are Eligible for Patenting?
According to the USPTO, an invention must meet several criteria to be eligible for a patent. These include:
- Novelty: The invention must be new and not previously disclosed to the public.
- Non-Obviousness: The invention must not be obvious to a person having ordinary skill in the field of the invention.
- Utility: The invention must have a practical use.
- Patentable Subject Matter: The invention must fall into one of the four categories
Understanding Collective Agreements in the Workers’ Statute
Collective Agreements in the Workers’ Statute
Collective agreements are agreements resulting from negotiation between representatives of workers and employers, freely adopted by virtue of their collective autonomy.
Contracting Parties
The contracting parties are representatives of workers and employers who possess general bargaining capacity and specific legitimation.
General Bargaining Capacity
A) Workers:
- The works council, staff representatives, and legally constituted unions, federations, and confederations.