Regionalism and WTO: Friends or Rivals in Trade?
Regionalism: Friends or Rivals?
Whether they are bilateral trade pacts, large customs unions, or cross-continental trade agreements, all WTO members as of June 2016 have some sort of regional trade agreement in force.
These agreements have increased in number as well as complexity since the early 1990s. One of the most frequently asked questions is whether these regional groups help or hinder the WTO’s multilateral trading system. WTO members, working in various committees, work to address such
Read MoreArticle 10 TEU: Democracy and the Democratic Deficit in the EU
Is Article 10 TEU a Political or Legally Binding Statement?
1. Do We Have Elections in the EU?
We have elections to the European Parliament, but does the EU have a president in the same way as, for example, the Spanish president? There isn’t one clear figure above all the presidents of the different institutions. So, who do we elect when we elect to the EU Parliament?
Until 2009, it wasn’t clear. From that moment on, there is a provision that states the EU Parliament nominates the president of the
Read MoreUnderstanding Administrative & Public Works Contracts
Administrative Requirements for Contracts
- Subject: The contract must be concluded by a public entity: state, autonomous bodies, state government, local authorities.
- Purpose: The contract shall be for the organization or operation of a public service.
- Special Status: Criteria for exorbitant clauses (Executive Decision, unilateral interpretation, administrative and technical statements).
- Way: Through an administrative document.
- Jurisdiction: Understanding the litigation that arises is the administrative
Canary Islands Special Zone (ZEC): Tax Benefits
Canary Islands Special Zone (ZEC): A Low Tax Regime
The Canary Islands Special Zone (ZEC) offers a reduced taxation framework. It was created within the Canary Islands’ Economic and Fiscal Regime (REF) to promote economic and social development and diversify the archipelago’s productive structure. Approved by the European Commission in January 2000, the ZEC provides significant tax advantages.
Where to Establish a ZEC Entity
ZEC entities can be established throughout the Canary Islands, with some specific
Read MoreUnderstanding Legal and Administrative Texts
Legal and Administrative Texts: Characteristics and Structure
Specific Language
The language of law and administrative law exhibits distinct characteristics. We can differentiate between:
- Legislation: Originating from the legislative power residing in Parliament, which holds ultimate responsibility for laws.
- Judicial or Procedural Texts: Emanating from the judiciary, these texts resolve conflicts arising from violations of laws.
- Administrative Texts: Produced by the Administration, where the executive
Criminal Jurisdiction and Competency in Legal Proceedings
Jurisdiction and Competency in Criminal Proceedings
Understanding Trial Transfers
Filing refers to the transfer of a trial from one court to another within the same category, but in a different judicial district’s criminal circuit court. This is only applicable in specific cases where serious circumstances warrant a deviation from the general principle. Usually, territorial jurisdiction is determined by where the crime or misdemeanor was completed.
Modes of Resolution for Jurisdictional Issues
The Code
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