Understanding Business Structures: Associations, Foundations, and Companies

Associations and Foundations

Associations and Foundations are non-profit legal entities with tax advantages.

  • Associations: Founded on the personal element of their members.
  • Foundations: Founded on the estate endowed by the founder.

Companies

  • Civil: Civil purpose, governed by the Civil Code.
  • Business: Commercial purpose, governed by the Commercial Code.

Undertaking/Firm

Individual entrepreneur or corporate entity, which can be civil or commercial.

  • Personal:
    • Collective
    • Partnership
  • Stock Companies:
    • Limited Liability
Read More

Conscription Act, Military Roles, and Leadership Qualities

Conscription Act and Military Isolation

General Provisions

Art. 34: Isolation is the process that includes registration, classification, call, and delivery of assessed contributions.

Art. 35: Insulation is the process involving the concentration, the examination of selection, and delivery of the quota.

Registration and Record

Art. 41: Venezuelans who do not register by the deadline will be considered reluctant and punishable under the provisions of this Act.

Personal Military Documents

Art. 58: The rectors

Read More

International Business Law: Key Concepts and Cases

31) Despite the positive publicity, the phrases– B) political culture.

32) Any company doing business outside the home country– A) political culture

33) Categories of political risk listed by EIU– B) political turmoil.

34) Bureaucracy is listed– C) EIU (Economist Intelligence Unit).

35) Various types of political risk insurance to U.S.– E) OPIC

36) What do value added taxes (VAT)– B) They result in cross-border shopping

37) After Fidel Castro took power in Cuba in 1959– B) confiscation

38) The governmental

Read More

Legal Norms and State: Sources, Classifications, and Theories

Formal Sources of Legal Norms

These are the processes of manifestation of legal norms. Formal sources are the processes by which one or more state agencies formulate and enact certain general rules of law enforcement.

  • Legislation: It is an established use in a community and considered by it as legally binding.
  • Custom: A formal indirect source, it is the set of principles or doctrines from criteria found in the judgments or decisions of judges or courts.
  • Decisions: Scientific studies that the lawyer
Read More

Labor Law: Key Concepts and Worker’s Rights

Frequently Asked Questions

  • What is the definition of work performed?

  • A: The set of tasks and benefits acquired by any worker providing services to a company, public institution, or private entity.
  • What are the working hours?

  • A: Morning, evening, and night.
  • What is the 14th-month bonus?

  • A: An annual payment equivalent to one month’s salary.
  • What is the right to work?

  • A: A right protecting workers, aiming to compensate for inequality by providing preferential legal protection.
  • What are the two main types of

Read More

Understanding Legal Invalidity: Absolute and Relative Nullity

Classification According to Civil Code Section 1681 and Following

Absolute Invalidity: The legal sanction provided by the omission of the requirements and formalities that are prescribed for the value of the act by its nature or kind.

Relative Invalidity: The legal sanction provided by the omission of the requirements and formalities that are prescribed for the value of the act by the state or quality of the parties.

According to the Doctrine

Nonexistence: When you omit the requirements of existence,

Read More