Police Deterrence, Racial Profiling, and Solutions
1. Deterrence and Police Work
The doctrine of deterrence, deriving from the principles of the Classical School, is the foundation of criminal justice in many countries. The core ideas of this doctrine are:
- The pursuit of pleasure motivates human behavior.
- Individuals have freedom in decision-making.
- Criminal justice, by punishing criminal conduct, counteracts the pleasures it can bring.
- Punishment serves as both a general and specific deterrent.
Common sense suggests that a greater police presence on
Read MoreEntrepreneurship: Legal Status, Obligations & Liability
Private Law Incompatibilities and Prohibitions
Private law incompatibilities: Absolute incompatibilities have recently lost their leading legal case (Art. 14.4 Ccom, as a result of the merger between the notary public body and so-called “agents de cambio y bolsa”). However, relative prohibitions based on private interest are frequently provided for. Relative prohibitions are usually intended to prevent certain persons from illicitly competing by reason of their position – namely, partners in a
Read MoreUnderstanding Power: Definitions, Relationships, and Political Organization
Understanding the Concept of Power
Uses of the Word “Power”
- As Domain: Refers to the power or ability that someone has to send something.
- As Strength: Indicates vigor, capacity, or the ability to do something.
- As Possession: Used to indicate that an object belongs to someone.
- As Guidance: It is normally used to refer to guiding or constraining the state.
- As Government: It refers directly to the government of some political groups.
Power and Dominance Relationships
One of the most common uses of the term
Read MoreUnderstanding Labor Relations: Employer, Worker, and Contract Types
Understanding Labor Relations: Key Definitions and Contract Types
Subjects of Article 3: Employer Labor Relations
The employer is defined as the person or entity that utilizes the intellectual or material services of one or more individuals under a contract of employment. These entities can be social, cultural, charitable, and possess a distinct legal identity.
Defining the Worker and Employed Person
- Worker: Any individual who provides personal, intellectual, or material services under dependence or
Sources of Law: Understanding Legal Principles
Formal and Informal Sources of Law
Understanding Legal Principles
This document examines the various sources of law, with a particular focus on the Venezuelan legal system.
Key Factors and Evidence in Law
- All those factors … all the evidence …
- B) Source material at large
- Formal sources
- All of the above
- Indirect formal sources
- B) Contains no norm, but it helps to interpret.
- Direct sources in Venezuela
- As stated in Article 4 of the Civil Code.
- Relevant law in a material sense
- A) Expresses its content, not
State Power and Sovereignty: Concept and Limits
For a group of people to become a State, there needs to be an independent power—a supreme and final authority—that possesses sufficient legitimacy and, therefore, the capacity to command and secure obedience from its citizens.
The defining characteristics of this State power are:
- Imperative: Orders are not questioned or negotiated with the State; they must be complied with.
- Public: It is exercised on behalf of the community that this government represents and is entitled to.
- Geographically Specific: