Understanding Labor Laws: Common Work, Group Contracts, and Illegal Assignment
Common Work in Spain
Common work, as regulated in Article 10.1 of the Workers’ Statute (Estatuto de los Trabajadores – ET), is a way of organizing work where the employer retains their rights and duties towards each individual worker. In this model, the employer assigns a task to be jointly performed by multiple workers already hired by the company.
Group Contracts
Distinct from common work is the group contract, outlined in Article 10.2 ET. In this arrangement, the employer enters into an employment
Read MoreSpain: Religious Freedom, Pluralism, and Legal Framework
Item 38: Spain’s Position on Religious Phenomena
Spain does not have a state religion. Key features include:
1. No State Religion
Article 16.3 of the Spanish Constitution (EC) states that no faith shall be considered a state religion. This means there is no official religion, forbidding any attempt at unification between state functions and religious needs. This separation is established in Constitutional Court ruling (STC) 24/1982.
An STC of November 9 established that there can be no religious symbols
Read MoreCompany Legal Structures
Legal Organization of a Company
A company comprises tangible and intangible assets, primarily aimed at achieving an economic objective. The legal system offers two options for organizing a business:
1. Sole Trader
This refers to an individual operating a business, where the owner and the business are often considered the same entity.
2. Joint Venture
This involves a fictitious entity composed of natural persons, possessing legal personality and its own patrimony. Examples include limited liability
Read MoreKey Concepts in Media Law and FCC Regulations
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
The FCC comprises five commissioners appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate, each serving a five-year term. Its primary role is to regulate interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable, ensuring availability across the United States. The Communications Act empowers the FCC to create regulations that prevent interference between stations, always considering the public interest and convenience.
Read MoreAcquisition and Transfer of Property in Roman Law
Addictio
Addictio refers to the act attributed by the praetor to the purchaser in a public auction (the highest bidder who becomes bonorum emptor), adsignatio (attribution of useful domain for ager publicus to individuals), or the distribution of spoils of war. Adjudicatio refers to the decision of the trial judge in dividing property.
Mancipatio
Mancipatio was used for the transfer of res mancipi, which included land (fundus), houses (domus), slaves, and beasts of burden. Money and other animals were
Read MoreWarnock Report, Hague & Tokyo: Human Rights Milestones
Warnock Report
1984, London, England
Key Assumptions (1982-84)
Made by the Commission of Inquiry into Human Fertilization and Embryology, consisting of 15 members from diverse academic and professional backgrounds, led by the Cambridge philosopher Mary Warnock.
Major Cases
- Determine the social, ethical, and legal aspects of assisted reproduction.
- Determine the period of embryonic development during which research should be allowed on human embryos.
Conclusions
- The age limit for research on embryos is 14