Understanding Access Levels and Leave Policies for Public Officials
Access Levels for Public Officials
ACCESS TO OFFICIAL: Access levels are categorized to reflect the different groups of professionals within the public sector.
Level A: Senior Professionals
This level includes titles such as doctor, lawyer, and architect. Positions offered are typically at a high level of responsibility.
Level B: Administration Technicians
This level includes engineers, graduate diploma holders, and technical architects. They form the management body of the civil administration of the
Read MoreLabor Law and Social Jurisdiction in the EU
Labor Law and Social Jurisdiction: An Overview
Law: The law is the set of rules, norms, and principles of due compliance, to regulate the social relations of human society. At every historical moment, these have become necessary.
Labor Law: Labor law is the set of rules and principles governing labor relations freely and voluntarily given under conditions of dependency and for others.
Outsourcing: Outsourcing occurs when a business hires another company to take over part or all of its business.
The
Read MoreUnderstanding Conscience Clause & Professional Secrecy
Instrumental Rights and Freedom of Information
Article 20.1 of the Spanish Constitution outlines several instrumental rights that support the core principles of freedom of expression and the right to freedom of information. These rights are crucial for ensuring the effectiveness of information dissemination. Examples include the conscience clause and professional secrecy, but also:
- Right to the development of communication media.
- Right of access for individuals and political/social groups to publicly
Understanding Sovereignty and Public Power in Venezuela
Sovereignty and its Characteristics
Sovereignty, in a society of men and women gathered under the same laws, customs, and governments, becomes untransferable. It resides in the people, who exercise it directly in the manner provided in the Constitution and the law, and indirectly by suffrage through bodies exercising public power.
Public Power
Public power is the institution through which the state exercises control functions, including building and security within the nation, and maintains relationships
Read MoreSpain’s Political, Legal, and Territorial Framework
Topic 1: Spain’s Political, Legal, and Territorial Status
4. Political, Legal, and Territorial Status.
Regarding the political aspect, we begin by noting that the first section of the Constitution contains the great principles of political organization in Spain. As we have seen, Article 1.1 of the Spanish Constitution establishes the formula of a social and democratic state under the rule of law as the current form of government, which has evolved since the early modern state.
Under our Constitution,
Read MoreCrimes Against Life: Homicide, Infanticide, Abortion
Crimes Against Life: Homicide, Infanticide, and Abortion
This document details crimes against life as defined in the Brazilian Penal Code (CP), specifically articles 121 to 129.
Homicide (Article 121 CP)
Homicide is categorized as simple or qualified (Article 121, Caput and ยง 2).
Participation in Suicide (Article 122 CP)
This section covers the crime of participation in suicide.
Infanticide (Article 123 CP)
Infanticide is a specific crime detailed in Article 123.
Abortion (Articles 124-126 CP)
- Article 124: