Constitutional History of Pakistan: Amendments and Failures
Fifth Amendment
Main Features and Effects on Judiciary
- Chief Justice of Supreme Court:
- Term of office: 5 years
- Maximum age: 65 years
- Pension upon retirement at age 65
- Cannot be reappointed after serving as Chief Justice
- Chief Justice of High Court:
- Term of office: 4 years
- Maximum age: 62 years
- Pension upon retirement at age 62
- Cannot be reappointed after serving as Chief Justice
- Separate High Courts for Balochistan and Sindh:
- Established separate High Courts for Balochistan
- High Courts and Fundamental Rights:
Intellectual Property and Antitrust Laws
UNIT 4: Intellectual Property
Definition:-
Commercially valuable, secret information that is not generally known.
–Misappropriation:-
Wrongful use of a trade secret: (1) knowingly acquired through improper means, or by (2) disclosing or using information without consent, or by (3) reverse engineering.
Trade Secrets:
Remedies:–Owner of a trade secret may obtain damages or injunctive relief when the secret is misappropriated (wrongfully used) by an employee or a competitor
Criminal Penalties
— It punishes
Read MoreEssential Contract Law Concepts: Definitions and Explanations
Essential Contract Law Concepts
Exculpatory Clause
An exculpatory clause is a contract provision that relieves one party of liability if damages are caused during the execution of the contract. It’s designed to protect them from legal claims in case of accidents or injuries.
Void and Voidable Contracts
A void contract is not legally enforceable from the moment it was created due to illegality, impossibility, or lack of essential elements. A voidable contract, on the other hand, is valid but can be legally
Read MoreInstitution of Suits and Court Procedures
Institution of Suits:
Particulars in plaint, when a court can return or reject a plaint? Sec 26{1} every suit shall be instituted by the presentation of a plaint or in such manner as may be prescribed by sec 26{2}in every plaint facts shall be proved by affidavit.
Particulars to be contained in plaint:
- The name of the court in which the suit is brought
- The name description and place of residence of plaintiff
- A statement of his value of the subject matter of the suit for the purpose of jurisdiction and
Understanding Laws, Regulations, and Executive Orders in the US Government
Laws are made by who? Laws are MADE by the Legislative Process (congress: government officials who are elected.) and what do they do? Laws set out standards, procedures and principles to govern behavior. Regulations are made to monitor and Enforce legislations (laws) Regulations are developed by a different portion of government known as the Executive Branch
Laws are developed in the Legislative Branch of GovernmentÂ
Laws may be modified by the Judicial Branch of Government as well. What is an E.
Media Effects and Communication Laws
What is the Payne Fund Study?
A series of 13 psychology studies that tested the effects of media
What is the difference between public and private research?
Public- academic or governmental research that tries to clarify, explain, or predict
Private- used by private owners or campaigns to uncover real-life problems
Explain the Bobo Doll Experiment
The social learning experiments that showed that children learn from what they gain from media
Explain Gerbner’s cultivation theory
Cultivation theory suggests
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