Canon Law and Royal Power: A Historical Analysis
- The emperor tried to establish a guardianship of the Church.
- Pope: Church sought to protect itself.
Pope Gregory VII established a set of policy proposals:
- The primacy of the Pope over the bishops.
- The autonomy of the Church and the clergy against temporal powers.
- Their subordination to the protection of Rome.
The autonomy of the Church and the clergy against temporal powers justified the waiver/privilege of the clergy in relation to the temporal forum and the claim of a “special forum” or “privileged
Read MoreRoman Law: Rescripts, Jurists, and Edicts in the Principate
Rescripts in Roman Law During the Principate
Similar to the Rescripts (epistulae), anchored in the time of Hadrian, have special importance for the development of the private law of the second and third century AD. The rescript is the opinion of the princeps at the request of a particular legal question. The answers were added to the same request submitted by the petitioners and subscribed by the emperor. They were displayed in public, and the person concerned could apply for a copia. The emperor
Read MoreLegislative Initiative: A Comprehensive Process Analysis
A legislative initiative is the process of developing laws through democratic systems. This process involves various actors and distinct phases:
- Initial Phase: Starts the process.
- Central Stage: Establishes the content of the law.
- Final Stage: Ensures the norm’s effectiveness.
Initial Phase: The Initiative
The government is the main driver of the initiative, which originates from a draft law or a law proposition. The processing of a government law project has priority. Requirements for a government legislative
Read MoreSpain’s LOREG Rules for Election Polls & Media Use
Election Poll & Survey Regulations (LOREG Art. 69)
Election polls gauge the opinions of citizens, providing precise information that helps political forces in an election process choose the most appropriate strategy to gain voter support. Monitoring their implementation and dissemination is necessary, and they must be subject to rules ensuring sufficient rigor so that the public is not manipulated.
Article 69 of the LOREG (Organic Law of the General Electoral Regime) regulates the publication
Read MoreFrench Macarons: A Step-by-Step Recipe for Perfect Results
The Ultimate French Macaron Recipe
French macarons are delicate, meringue-based cookies known for their smooth, domed shells and creamy fillings. While they can seem intimidating, mastering the art of macaron making is achievable with the right recipe and techniques. This comprehensive guide will walk you through each step, ensuring your success in creating these delightful treats.
Ingredients You’ll Need
- 150g almond flour, finely ground
- 150g powdered sugar
- 75g egg whites, aged (separated 24-48 hours
Legal Axioms: Principles of Legal Knowledge and Regulation
Legal Axioms: Core Principles
Axiom I. Every object of legal knowledge is identical to itself.
- What is not legally prohibited is legally permitted.
- What is not legally prohibited is legally permitted.
Axiom II. No behavior can be found at the same time legally forbidden and legally permitted.
- Exercising his right not to be abused.
- What is not legally ordained cannot be legally prohibited.
- If the omission of permissible conduct is prohibited, such conduct is ordered.
Axiom III. Conduct can only be found
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