Public Sector Contracts: Law 30/2007
Public Sector Contracts: Law 30/2007
These contracts are agreements between parties recognized by law and intended to produce legal effects.
The contract in the public sector is done by the Administration to ensure the functioning of a public service governed by special rules than those applicable to relations between individuals, and the rules affecting the form of contracts, the powers of the Administration, the powers granted to the contractors and within the jurisdiction.
The contracts included
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Torts
Tort: A civil wrong, leading to liability under civil law. Any individual can file suit, with punishments being fines or equitable relief.
Intentional Torts
- Emotional Distress
- Defamation
- Invasion of Privacy
- Trespass
- Conversion
- Assault (reasonable fear)
- Battery
Transferred Intent: Liability transfers to whoever is actually harmed, even if not the intended target.
Defenses: Consent and self-defense.
Negligence
- Duty of Care: Behave as a reasonably prudent person. This always arises when risk is foreseeable
Intermediate Stage and Trial in Criminal Proceedings
Intermediate Stage and Trial
Intermediate Phase
Concept
The intermediate stage is a crucial part of ordinary criminal proceedings. It spans from the filing of charges to the issuance of an order to commence trial. This phase aims to refine the criminal charges, examine the evidence supporting the accusation, and potentially lead to the exoneration of the accused.
Start and End
The intermediate phase commences with the prosecution’s indictment and concludes with the judge’s decision, known as the order
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Why Law Is Essential for Society
Law provides an ordered society by establishing rules and regulations that govern human behavior.
Validity of Legal Rules
A legal rule is valid if it is part of the legal system and concerns a matter that falls within the scope of law.
Legal Sociology
Legal sociology studies law as a social fact, examining its impact on society and how it shapes human interactions.
Objective and Subjective Rights
Objective right refers to a set of rules that govern society, while subjective
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Criminal Law: General Part
Theory of Crime
This section of criminal law studies offenses and their implications. To determine whether an act is an offense, we analyze the following elements:
Conduct
Typical – Unlawful – Reproachable – Punishable
- Note: Behavior is not part of the Theory of Crime.
Action
Several theories explain how to determine the presence of this element:
- Causal Theory (Scientific – Naturalist): Precursor von Liszt.
Conditions: Conduct by a man voluntarily to produce noticeable changes
Key Features of Company Amendment Act 2015
The Company Amendment Act 2015 Features
1) The figure of minimum paid-up capital deleted. 2) The requirement of common seal is made optional. 3) Sec 11 of the Companies Act 2013 is omitted. 4) Stringent penalty for company inviting or accepting deposits. 5) Dividends cannot be declared by a company running at losses.
Company Definition: The word company is used to denote an association of persons who have associated together to conduct or carry on a business for gain. The persons associating together
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