Customary International Law and Treaties
Customary International Law
Customs develop almost subconsciously within a group and are maintained by the members of that group through social pressures and with the aid of various other, more tangible implements. Customs are not written or codified. While not the best instrument for regulating complex issues in world affairs, custom may meet the contingencies of modern life in particular situations. “Instant customary law” can sometimes prescribe valid rules without undergoing a long period of
Read MoreUnderstanding Enforcement of Obligations in Legal Proceedings
Understanding Enforcement of Obligations
Settlement by arbitration takes place whenever there is a need to plead evidence and prove a new fact. In such cases, the presence of an expert appointed by the judge is imperative. (Art. 475E)
Key Aspects of Enforcement Proceedings
- Denunciation of enforcement proceedings applies in cases of endorsers and exchange securities endorsees.
- The execution must be specified, allowing the creditor to know precisely what they would receive if the obligation were fulfilled
Directive Principles of State Policy in India: An Analysis
Directive Principles of State Policy
The Directive Principles of State Policy of India are guidelines for the government of India in governing the country. While not enforceable by any court, these principles are considered “Fundamental” in governing the country. This makes it the State’s duty to apply these principles when making laws to establish a just society. These principles are inspired by the Directive Principles in the Constitution of Ireland, which relate to social justice, economic welfare,
Read MoreSales Contracts: Essential Elements and Legal Framework
The Sales Contract: Definition and Key Aspects
A sales contract is an agreement where one party (the seller) agrees to deliver a thing, and the other party (the buyer) agrees to pay for it in cash. This mutual obligation is fundamental to the contract, as defined in Article 1793 of the Civil Code.
Classification of Sales Contracts
- Bilateral Contract: Both parties have reciprocal obligations.
- Commutative Contract: The obligations of both parties are considered equivalent.
- Consensual Agreement: The contract
The Judiciary and Governance in Spain
The Judiciary in Spain
The Government’s executive functions include:
- Agreeing to negotiate and sign international treaties (subject to authorization by the Cortes).
- Declaring a state of alarm and emergency.
- Proposing to the House of Representatives the declaration of a state of siege.
Ministers, as heads of their departments, exercise regulatory power in matters of their own. Policymakers also participate in government decisions of the Council of Ministers and direct the responsible administration. As
Understanding Heritage, Obligations, and Liabilities
Heritage: A set of rights and obligations of a person significant in monetary terms.
Duties: A legal relationship between certain persons, under which one is obligated to give, do, or not do certain things for the other. This legal connection places people in a position where they are required to give, do, or refrain from doing specific actions.
Sources of Obligations
- Contract: An act by which a person obligates themselves to another to give, do, or not do something. It is an expression of intent that