Types and Theories of State: A Comprehensive Guide
Sociability and the State
a) Sociability and Self-Interest
Thomas Hobbes maintained that human beings are not social by nature, but rather live in society for pure self-interest. According to this view, our nature does not lead us to live in society, but rather to guarantee our survival. Proponents of this perspective argue that humans are not predisposed to mingle and cooperate with others. On the contrary, they are selfish beings who perceive others as possible rivals or instruments to satisfy their
Read MoreThe Interplay of Political Economy, Ethics, and International Business
POLITICAL ECONOMY
Culture, predominantly the cultural determinant of social organization, is the foundation upon which the political economy is built. The political economy includes a country’s political, economic, and legal systems. These systems are collectively referred to as the political economy and as such suggests that these systems are interdependent—meaning they interact and influence each other. In order to understand the parts, we will take each and address them separately.
Political
Read MoreIntroduction to Labor Law: Key Concepts and Principles
* Features to be covered x the right career?
Voluntariness, x paid employment, dependency and retribution
.* Internal sources of labor law:
collective agreement, contracts d work, custom, constitution and jurisprudence.
* Private Law: Lessons?
Labor Law , “private international” civil and “commercial.
* F. Dl dl international law job?
lasdirectivs Regulations and EU
Conventions and Recommendations of the ILO, international conventions and international jurisprudence.
* Public Law: Classes?
labor
Read MoreUnderstanding the Non Bis in Idem Principle in Spanish Law
Non Bis In Idem Principle in Spanish Law
Prohibition of Double Punishment
The non bis in idem principle prohibits double punishment, both administrative and criminal, for the same offense when the subject, act, and legal basis are identical. If any of these elements differ, a double penalty may be permissible.
Consequences of Identical Basis and Purpose
If the basis and purpose of the punishment are the same, applying both administrative and criminal penalties for the same act constitutes double jeopardy.
Read MoreFundamental Rights in the Spanish Constitution: Direct & Specific Guarantees
Direct Application of Fundamental Rights: Generic Guarantees
The direct application of fundamental rights is the primary mechanism for their guarantee in the Spanish Constitution. The European Commission (EC) is legally binding, and Chapter 2 of Title I is particularly relevant. Specifically, Article 53.1 of the EC states:
Art 53.1 EC: Binding Nature of Fundamental Rights
Read MoreThe rights and freedoms recognized in the second chapter of this title are binding on all public authorities. Only by an act which
The Four Freedoms of the European Union: A Comprehensive Guide
The Four Freedoms of the European Union
Free Movement of Workers
EU citizens’ right to move freely within the EU is central to the European project. Initially established as a freedom designed exclusively for workers (Article 48), the free movement of persons is nowadays enshrined as one of the EU citizenship rights in Article 21 TFEU. Therefore, “every citizen”, irrespective of his/her age, professional activity, or status as a salaried worker, has the “right to move and reside freely within the
Read More