Healthcare & Disability Benefits in Spain
Healthcare Beneficiaries in Spain
- Workers in the general scheme, members, and those in an equivalent situation.
- Pensioners and recipients of regular benefits.
- Dependents of the above (spouse, descendant, parent…) if living with the holder and their dependents, and not performing any paid work exceeding double the IREM.
- Nationals of EU member states and those to whom the EU scheme applies.
- Foreigners who reside in Spain with a residence card.
What is Covered?
- Common illness or disease
- Accident at work
Understanding Criminal Law: History, Principles, and Evolution
Criminal Law
Criminal law is a body of knowledge and principles methodically ordered to elucidate the content of norms and institutions. These are grouped to apply to current cases according to strict criteria of justice (Toledo St. Francis of Assisi).
Historical Overview
Criminal Code of the Republic – 1890
Consolidation of Criminal Laws – 1936
Criminal Code – 1940
Constitution – 1988, art. 22, I
Primitive Times
Sociocultural characteristics:
- Environment of magic and religion.
- Presence of pests, drought
Understanding the Spanish Constitution: Key Questions Answered
Understanding the Spanish Constitution
What year was the Spanish Constitution created? 1978
What is the Spanish state?
A social state and democracy of law whose form of government is a parliamentary monarchy.
Who is the head of the Spanish state? The King
What functions do the courts and the institutions which form them have?
Representatives of the Spanish people have a set of powers conferred by the Constitution. They are formed by the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies:
- The Senate is the upper house
German Basic Law: Structure, Principles, and Evolution
The German Basic Law
Core Principles and Consensus
The Basic Law enjoyed broad consensus on its major aspects:
- Federalism: Vertical and horizontal division of power.
- Executive Power: A strong executive branch, particularly regarding government appointments and parliamentary dissolution.
- Constructive Vote of No Confidence: Preventing parliamentary instability.
- Electoral System: Ensuring pluralism and avoiding the partisan divisions of the Weimar Republic (established through later legislation).
Provisional
Read MoreVenezuelan Contracts: Types and Elements per Civil Code
Contract Definition (Venezuela Civil Code Art. 1133)
A contract is an agreement between two or more persons to create, regulate, transmit, modify, or extinguish a legal relationship between them. (Art. 1133, Venezuelan Civil Code)
Types of Contracts in Venezuela
Unilateral Contract (Art. 1134)
A contract is unilateral when one party is obligated, without the other having a reciprocal obligation. (Art. 1134, Venezuelan Civil Code). Examples include loan (mutuum or commodatum) or donation.
Bilateral Contract
Read MoreCompensation Claims, Court Procedures & Judicial Impartiality
Claiming Compensation After a Murder
A claim arising from a crime or offense that initiates public prosecution is not extinguished by the waiver of the offended person.
However, in private crimes where the offended party has dispositional power over the offense, the action can be extinguished by their waiver.
The civil claim for damages is extinguished by the waiver of the injured party. This is considered a waiver of the right to restitution, compensation, or reparation, rather than merely a waiver
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