Key Concepts in US Constitutional Law
Horizontal Separation of Powers – Executive, legislative, and judicial branches with separate but equal checks and balances.
Vertical Separation of Powers – Division of powers between state and federal governments.
Preemption – If the federal government passes a law with preemption language, states cannot regulate the same activity.
Presumption Against Preemption – Applied when dealing with inherently state/local powers.
Habeas Corpus – A writ used to bring a party criminally convicted in
Read MoreKey Concepts of Locke’s Political Philosophy Explained
Key Concepts of Locke’s Political Philosophy
Public Good: Also known as the common good. This is the purpose the State aims to achieve, ensuring citizens have a secure, peaceful, and comfortable life.
State of Nature: The condition of human beings before the original social contract. In this state, individuals possess complete freedom to act and dispose of their property, enjoying full equality. The law of nature governs this state.
Federal Power: The power responsible for representing the State in
Read MorePublic and Private Nuisance in Tort Law: Key Principles
Introduction to Nuisance in Tort Law
The tort of nuisance is often viewed as a fault-based tort. It requires damage to land, property, the value of land, or the enjoyment of land.
There are three main forms:
- Statutory Nuisance
- Public Nuisance
- Private Nuisance
Potential remedies include an award of damages, an injunction order, or abatement.
Public Nuisance Explained
Public nuisance affects a class of people, not just one individual. It is classified as a criminal wrong but can also be remedied under tort
Read MoreCompany Books, Annual Accounts, and Share Transfers in Spain
Company Books and Annual Accounts
These provide a yearly overview of the company’s economic performance and creditworthiness. In line with accounting principles, they offer a prudent, trustworthy image of the company from at least three stakeholder perspectives: (1) the company’s own interest; (2) third parties contracting with it; and (3) tax and market authorities. This is supported by the publicity offered by the Commercial Register.
Accounting Books
Maintaining correct accounting is a general obligation
Read MoreJohn Rawls’ Theory of Justice and Political Legitimacy
Perspectives on Legitimacy and Rawls’ Framework
Different perspectives address legitimacy. John Rawls’ theory significantly influences the liberal democratic model through its principles of justice. Rawls develops a procedure in a pre-constitutional stage to justify a political conception of justice.
In the constitutional stage, justice is applied to society. The Constitution assumes these liberal principles. Subsequently, all institutions operate based on this regulatory structure.
John Rawls’ Approach:
Read MoreMedical Ethics: Colleague Relations & Patient Confidentiality
Doctor-Colleague Relations
ARTICLE 27. It is the duty of the attending physician to provide care without charging fees to a colleague, their spouse, and first-degree relatives who are financially dependent on them. Exceptions apply when they are covered by health insurance or for psychoanalytic treatment.
ARTICLE 28. The doctor receiving care as described in the preceding article, either personally or for the mentioned relatives, must pay for inputs such as vaccines, laboratory tests, radiographic
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