Presidential Powers: Executive Authority, Emergency Decrees, and Referendums

Powers of the President

Key Provisions for State Officials

Remuneration of Ministers of State

Ministers of State receive remuneration for all assignments corresponding to their office. They lose their paid public function when they take on teaching positions or similar functions or commissions in higher, secondary, or special education (Art. 30, inc. 5).

Categories of Presidential Powers

  • Governmental Powers
  • Legislative Powers
  • Judicial Powers
  • Administrative Powers

Governmental Powers

Functions Relating to

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Legal Profession in Spain: Attorney’s Role, Requirements, Rights

The Attorney’s Technical Defense Role in Spain

An attorney alone cannot validly take a procedural step. The personal involvement or signature of the Advocate, who holds the technical and procedural direction of the defense, is also required in legal writings.

According to the Ley de Enjuiciamiento Civil (LEC – Civil Procedure Law), “the trial will be conducted by qualified lawyers authorized to practice in the court hearing the case; no application may be provided that does not bear the signature

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Foundations of Law: Systems, Concepts, and Historical Evolution

Understanding Legal Systems: Core Concepts & Structure

Law is a system of rules designed to maintain order, protect rights, and regulate behavior in society. It establishes norms, maintains social order, and provides a framework for resolving disputes between individuals or entities. The legal system is the infrastructure within a society that interprets, applies, and enforces its laws.

  • Collective enforcement
  • Positive law
  • Legal certainty: Legal certainty has at least three aspects:
    1. Certainty about
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Spain’s 1876 Constitution and the Canovista System

Understanding Spain’s 1876 Constitution

Source Analysis and Historical Context

Type of Source and Primary Nature

The document in question is a primary source, specifically the Spanish Constitution of 1876. It is a public and political document. The articles referenced within it pertain to the state’s confessional nature, fundamental freedoms (expression, assembly, association, and petition), and the legislative branch’s division into two houses of parliament: the Congress and the Senate.

Historical

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Private International Law: Core Principles and Legal Frameworks

Sources of International Law

  • Internal Sources
  • Treaty Sources: Agreements among states.
  • Institutional Sources: Events created by international organizations.
  • Transnational Law: Such as Lex Mercatoria.
  • Soft Law: Non-binding recommendations and opinions, lacking direct legal force.

Sources and Techniques in Private International Law (DIP)

  • Primary Law (Original Law): Founding treaties, agreements, and amending or accession acts.
  • Secondary Law (Derived Law): Measures adopted to comply with treaties and objectives,
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Legal System Basics: Sources and Branches of Law

Legal System Fundamentals: Sources of Law

The rules that comprise the legal system originate from various sources:

  • Law

    Refers to any general and binding law, enacted by a state organ in accordance with the national constitution. Rules can be found at national and provincial levels. Key features include:

    • Mandatory: Laws must be obeyed by all inhabitants of the country, whether Argentine nationals or foreigners.
    • General: They govern all similar situations described within the text of the law.
    • Stable: Laws
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