Understanding the United Nations and International Law
The United Nations: Structure and Organs
The United Nations (UN) has several principal organs:
- Security Council: Responsible for maintaining international peace and security. It has 15 members, including five permanent members: Russia, China, France, the United States of America, and the United Kingdom.
- General Assembly: The main representative and deliberative body, often described as the parliamentary body of the UN. Proposals adopted by the General Assembly are resolutions.
- Economic and Social Council
Law Enforcement: Use of Force and Firearms
Use of Force
The police force is the instrument through which public administration exercises legal coercion. The occasions when force is used are determined, but this does not necessarily mean violence. The Law of Force and Security Corps (LOFCS) is aware of this complexity and sets limits and exceptionality in such use.
With codified regulations and R34/169, the UNGA 17D conduct for law enforcement officials states that they may use force only when strictly necessary and to the extent required to
Read MoreSpanish Constitution of 1876: A Detailed Analysis
The Spanish Constitution of 1876
The central theme of this text is the Spanish Constitution of 1876, intended to articulate a new regime. It is legal in nature, as it establishes the laws governing Spanish citizens. The author is the Constituent Assembly, influenced by the thought of Cánovas del Castillo (internal constitution). The intended audience is public, addressing all Spanish citizens. The document was created in Madrid, and the Constitution came into effect on June 30, 1876, during the
Understanding Contracts: Types, Agreements, and Seller Rights
Understanding Contract Types
1. Express Contract
Explicitly stated terms and conditions, either verbally or in writing.
2. Implied Contract
Terms and conditions inferred from circumstances, but not explicitly stated.
3. Quasi-Contract
Imposed by law, even if parties didn’t explicitly agree.
4. Voidable Contract
Can be declared invalid by one or both parties.
5. Void Contract
Invalid from the start, usually due to a fundamental flaw or illegality.
6. Unilateral Contract
One party makes a promise, but the other
Read MoreRoman Citizenship: Selective Concessions and Legal Evolution
Roman Citizenship: Selective Concessions
When Rome was incorporating territories, it allowed each of the integrated peoples to continue to be governed by its own law, making Roman law an exclusive privilege of the Roman people. Therefore, Latin rights and citizenship awards were sporadic and individual, gradually expanding to groups.
Forms of Granting Citizenship
The two most common forms of grant of citizenship were:
- Uirtutis causa: To provide military service to Rome with courage.
- Per honorum: The
Types of Companies: Classification and Characteristics
The legal form of a company is crucial for its operation and structure. Here’s a classification of different company types:
Individual Business
An individual business is where the owner is a single person. Individual employers need to be adults and have full access to their own resources.
Partnerships (Private Civil Society)
A partnership is formed by a contract where two or more individuals agree to share money, property, or industry, with the intention of distributing the profits obtained.