Understanding Criminal Law: Torts, Guilt, and Causality
Torts in Criminal Law
Torts and crimes share the concept of action and inaction leading to harm. Guilt in torts arises from recklessness or negligence, essentially a lack of due care.
Intentional Crimes vs. Torts
Intentional crimes involve actions directed towards a specific result, while torts involve actions not intended to produce a particular outcome.
Subjective Intent
In intentional crimes with subjective intent, the actor wills the action, but may not desire the specific outcome.
Objective Intent
Intentional
Read MoreUnderstanding Business Law: Key Concepts and Case Studies
1. Civil Suits and Criminal Convictions
In the O.J. Simpson case, a family member of the victim filed a civil suit. To be convicted of a crime, a person must commit a guilty act (actus reus) with a guilty mind (mens rea) during the commission of the act.
2. Court Authority and Jurisdiction
The authority of a court to hear a particular case is called jurisdiction.
3. Strict Liability Crimes
Strict liability crimes are certain statutory offenses where mens rea is not essential. Examples include traffic
Read MoreUnderstanding Checking Accounts: A Comprehensive Guide
Checking Accounts: A Comprehensive Guide
Understanding the Basics
A checking account is a core banking service that facilitates various transactions, such as bank transfers, cash withdrawals, and check usage. These transactions result in debits and credits to the account.
Debits
Debits occur due to:
- Check cashing
- ATM withdrawals
- Debit card purchases
- Bank service charges and fees
Credits
Credits occur due to:
- Cash deposits (at the counter or ATM)
- Check deposits
Banks are required to provide monthly statements
Read MoreDeath & Survival Benefits Guide: Pensions, Compensation & Eligibility
Death and Survival Benefits
Assistance for Death
This benefit helps beneficiaries who covered funeral expenses. Unless proven otherwise, expenses are presumed to be borne by the surviving spouse, then children, then relatives living with the deceased.
Amount: 30.05 euros
Widow’s Pension
Eligibility requirements include marriage, judicial separation, or divorce. In some cases, cohabitation may qualify. If the deceased was a worker, they must have contributed 500 days within 5 years prior to death (for
Read MoreRegulatory Power in Spain: A Comprehensive Guide
Regulatory Powers in Spain
Definition
Regulatory power is the ability of the executive branch to issue general rules below the rank of law. In Spain, the legal system is based on the principle of universal law, meaning that regulations cannot exist independently of the law. They serve as a means of developing and supplementing the law, but they cannot override or modify it.
Concept of Regulation
A regulation is a general legal provision that is subordinate to the law and issued by the Administration.
Read MoreLocal Police Law 2/86: Guide to Security Boards, Firearms Use & More
Local Police Law 2/86
Local Boards of Security
Article 54 of Law 2/86: Municipalities with their own police force can establish a Local Board of Security to determine collaboration among security and police forces.
Constitution: Creation depends on the administrations involved and having their own police force. It’s done through an act signed by the government delegate and the mayor.
Composition: Chaired by the mayor, unless the government delegate attends, then shared. Heads of involved police forces
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