Debt Relief Mechanisms: A Comprehensive Overview
Debt Relief Mechanisms
Compensation
Compensation occurs when two parties, each acting as both debtor and creditor to the other, extinguish their mutual obligations. The extent of the extinguishment depends on the amounts owed. If the debts are equal, the obligations are fully extinguished (total compensation). If one debt is smaller, it extinguishes the larger debt to the extent of its value (partial compensation). Accessories, such as interest and guarantees, are also extinguished proportionally.
Read MoreUnderstanding Legal Rules and Their Classifications
1. What is Law?
Law is a set of legal rules governing individuals in society, imposing obligations and granting rights.
2. Rules of Law
These rules govern individual conduct and human behavior.
3. Moral Standards
Moral standards impose unilateral obligations, not rights. Their features include:
- Unilateral
- Autonomous
- Internal
- Incoercive
4. Legal Rules
Legal rules regulate behavior towards others, organizing social life, preventing issues, and providing solutions. Their characteristics are:
- Bilateral
- External
- Coercible
- Heteronomous
5.
Read MoreWorking Time Regulations and Employee Rights
Item 6: Work Session
Ordinary and Special Working Hours
1. Ordinary Working Hours
Time devoted to the agreed activity. The schedule specifies the daily service time, respecting the day’s duration. Discrepancies are resolved by law or agreements.
1.1 Scope
Applies to all employees, with a standard of 40 hours.
1.2 Duration, Distribution, and Calculation
1.2.1 Legal Duration
Determined by collective agreements or labor contracts, within legal limits (maximum 40 hours).
1.2.2 Distribution and Limitations
Generally
Read MoreWorkers’ Rights, Unions, and Social Security in Spain
The organic law of freedom of association grants the following rights to workers:
- Form unions and to suspend or terminate them democratically
- Engage in union activity
- Join the union of their choice, provided they meet the union’s statute
- Not to join if they so desire
- Separate from the union to which they are affiliated
- Choose freely their representatives within the union to which they are affiliated
The levels of union representation are three:
- Most representative trade unions at the state level: state-
Understanding Legal Evasion and International Law Concepts
Item 2. Notion of Evasion of Law
Fraud law addresses situations where a person maliciously, but through lawful means, seeks to be governed by a particular law to obtain a favorable outcome. This is facilitated when the linking factor depends on the individual’s will.
Legal Nature of Fraud to Law:
No Notion of Fraud to Law: Some argue that fraud cannot apply to law because when a person is placed under a more favorable law, they have performed lawful acts. Determining intent is difficult.
Fraud in Law
Read MoreConstitutional Rights and Legal Guarantees in Chile
Article 19. The Constitution guarantees all persons:
The right to life and physical and mental integrity. The law protects the life of the unborn. The death penalty can only be established by law for offenses under a qualified quorum. It prohibits the use of all illegal pressure.
Equality before the law. In Chile, there are no privileged persons or groups. Slavery is abolished, and anyone who steps on Chilean territory is free. Men and women are equal before the law. Neither the law nor any authority