Promissory Notes, Bills of Exchange, and Checks: A Comparative Overview
The Promissory Note
A promissory note is a written, unconditional promise by one party (the maker or subscriber) to pay a specific sum of money to another party (the payee or holder) at a future date or on demand. It’s a key instrument in credit transactions.
Content Requirements
- Statement to be paid: The note must clearly state the amount to be paid. Without this, it may not be legally recognized as a credit instrument.
- Unconditional promise: The promise to pay must be absolute, distinguishing it
Tangible & Intangible Rights and Obligations
Tangible and Intangible Rights
Tangible Rights
Tangible rights pertain to real, perceptible objects, such as a house or a book.
Intangible Rights
Intangible rights consist of abstract rights, such as credits or easements.
Tangible Assets
Tangible assets are divided into movable and immovable.
Movable Assets
These assets can be transported from one place to another, including animate objects (e.g., animals) and inanimate objects.
Immovable Assets (Real Property)
These are things that cannot be transported
Read MoreFundamentals of Criminal Law: Theory, Principles, and Application
Criminal Law: General Principles
The General Part of Criminal Law Theory encompasses:
- Theory of Crime: Conduct (acts or omissions), typicality, unlawfulness, culpability.
Special Part of Criminal Law
Focuses on particular crimes.
Introduction to Criminal Law
Criminal law is a formal mechanism of social control, monopolized by the state. It curbs undesirable behaviors through the threat of sanctions (punishment). The state’s intervention is limited to conduct that injures or endangers specific legal rights
Read MoreKey Texts in Spanish Liberalism and Republicanism (1868-1931)
Revolutionary Proclamation of 1868 in Cadiz
This text justifies and expresses the revolutionaries’ goals, aiming to establish a provisional government and a political system based on universal suffrage. It details their justifications: corruption, lawlessness, and lack of freedoms. Paradoxically, many signatories were senior political and military figures under Isabella II.
- Constitution: The supreme or fundamental law (or set of laws or principles) of a state. (In Spain, the Cortes of Cadiz).
- Liberals:
General Partnerships in Spain: A Comprehensive Overview
General Partnerships in Spain
Main Types
General Partnership (Sociedad Colectiva)
- Governed by the Commercial Code.
- No minimum capital amount.
- Partners are jointly and severally liable for the partnership’s debts.
- Transfer of partnership interest requires the consent of every partner.
Simple Limited Partnership (Sociedad Comanditaria)
- Governed by the Commercial Code.
- Two types of partners: at least one general partner with unlimited liability oversees management and representation; at least one limited partner
Prison Sentences and Legal Resources in Criminal Proceedings
Execution of Prison Sentences
The execution of penalties and security measures aims to rehabilitate sentenced individuals, granting them the right to paid work, social security affiliation, access to culture, and personal development. The competent court submits the prison sentence details to the prison director, including:
- First Degree (Closed Regime): For extremely dangerous or unsuitable prisoners.
- Second Degree (Regular Regime): For other prisoners.
- Third Degree (Semi-Open Regime): For prisoners