Medieval Iberian Parliaments: Structure and Decision-Making
After the opening and before the start of the session, checks on the powers of prosecutors took place. In 1475, the Secretary of the Foreign Ministry and others, perhaps belonging to the Royal Council, addressed this need. When, in the sixteenth century, a chairman of the Courts other than the monarch was appointed, they and the secretary of the meeting ascertained powers, a task that later fell to the Board of Wizards, called the Cortes. The same function was assumed in Aragon by individuals enabling
Read MoreCatalan Regulation Creation and Enforcement
Regulation Creation Procedures
The procedures for making a regulation in Catalonia are as follows:
- Statement of Reasons: A document outlining the reasons for issuing the regulation. These reasons are binding and cannot be changed during the process.
- Validity Table: A table listing the regulations repealed by the new regulation, ensuring legal certainty.
- Legal Opinion: An opinion from the Council or the Legal Advisory Commission of Catalonia on the legality of the draft regulation. This opinion, while
Legal Consequences of Crime: Understanding Punishment
Concept of Grief
Grief, in a legal context, refers to the main legal consequence of a crime. The basic elements that define a penalty are:
- Responding to a wrongful act: This involves the infringement of a primary rule of behavior.
- A bad: Considered an asset to prevent repeat offenses, it is also an intrusion on personal rights, involving deprivation or restriction of legal rights. Socially, it must be a lesser evil, adhering to the principle of proportionality.
- Personal: The penalty applies only to
Key Concepts and Procedures in Mexican Administrative Law
True or False
1. A fine is a direct execution that replaces the individual in compliance with an obligation. TRUE
2. An administrative act’s revocation and termination are necessary only when required by private interests. FALSE
3. According to theory, an administrative act has only two effects: for individuals and for public administration. TRUE
4. The defendant in an administrative contentious trial has forty-five days following the effective date of the notice of demand to respond. TRUE
Key Definitions
Administrative
Read MoreDrawer, Payee, and Check Authenticity: Legal Relationships and Responsibilities
A) Relationship Between Drawer and Drawee
The internal relations between the drawer and drawee are governed by contract. This agreement is normally part of a broader banking contract and is usually established when the customer receives their checkbook. The drawee bank is obligated to honor validly issued checks if sufficient funds are available.
A key issue is the effectiveness of check revocation (Art. 138.1). Revocation has no effect until after the submission deadline. If the bank pays before
Read MoreUnderstanding Labor Unions: Structure, Rights, and Collective Bargaining
Labor Unions
National organizations representing workers’ interests across various production and service sectors. These include confederations, federations, trade unions, civil administration officials, and associations formed by individuals, as defined by their statutes. Pensioner organizations with legal personality can also join.
Legalization of Unions
The elected union board must deposit the original certificate of incorporation and two certified copies of the statutes with the Labour Inspectorate
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