Lifting the Corporate Veil: Case Law Analysis
1. Sam is a customer of Box Ltd, a computer software supplier. John is the managing director and major shareholder of Box Ltd and has always dealt with Sam personally because he was such an important customer. John also led the software writing team that developed the software for Sam. This is not John’s usual role. The software supplied to Sam by Box Ltd has caused significant damage to Sam’s business, and he is suing Box Ltd for damages amounting to £1 million. Box Ltd has had other financial
Read MoreEffective Negotiation Strategies: A Practical Guide
Effective Negotiation Strategies
What is Negotiation?
Negotiation involves two or more parties with a shared issue or theme, using dialogue to reach an agreement. Each party may have differing positions, aiming for a mutually satisfactory outcome. The goal is a peaceful resolution.
Types of Negotiation Strategies
- Competitive/Distributive: A power struggle where bargaining is confrontational.
- Cooperative/Inclusive: A collaborative process where both parties aim for mutual gain.
- Mixed: A combination of
Legal Entities: A Comprehensive Guide to Types and Structures
Legal Entities: Types and Structures
Legal persons are entities with the legal capacity to perform all the actions of an individual.
Physical Existence | Legal Existence |
Born, lives, dies | Is, acts, dissolved |
Civil Registry | Public Registry of Commerce (or other, depending on entity type) |
DNI (National Identity Document) | Social Contract or Statute |
Rights and obligations, with limitations based on age and entity type. |
Types of Legal Entities: Various kinds of legal persons, such as partnerships, corporations, foundations,
Read MoreCriminal Law Cases: Burglary, Theft, and Usurpation
PEC 5: Case Studies in Criminal Law
1st Course: Burglary
Case A: Theft of Musical Equipment
Fernando stole musical equipment from three cars parked on Carrer de la Renclusa in Tarragona at 11:45 PM on February 20. He broke the car windows with an iron bar to access the equipment. This constitutes burglary under articles 237 and 238 of the Penal Code (CP).
Fernando appropriated the musical equipment by breaking and entering, using a crowbar to access the cars (Art. 238.2 CP).
Case B: Theft of a Car
In
Read MoreThe Chilean President: Powers and Functions
The President’s Role in International Relations
The President appoints and removes certain officials to cooperate with international relations:
- Minister of Foreign Affairs
- Undersecretary of Foreign Affairs
- Ambassadors
- Ministers Plenipotentiary or diplomats
- Representatives to International Organizations
These are trusted members of the President’s exclusive circle, meaning that:
- They are appointed without a public call for applications.
- They remain in office as long as they have the President’s confidence.
Understanding Employment Contracts: Key Features and Types
Track 1 – The Contract of Employment.
Article 1.1 of the Workers’ Statute: A contract exists when a person voluntarily provides services within the scope of another person (employer) in exchange for payment.
1. Provision of Services.
The provision of services includes both manual and intellectual work and is based on effort, not results. That is, the worker must meet their hours, not produce a specific outcome. The service is voluntary; if the employee’s consent is vitiated, the contract is null. The
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