Understanding the Speculum and Its Legal Significance
Noting the inconsistent provision of Royal Charter and its unlikely existence in the mid-thirteenth century. Secondly, noting that the speculum has been precisely the fact that the Charter initial title of the book so that the nomenclature can be interpreted as referring to a speculum that did exist with that name.
According to this interpretation, Alfonso X ordered the preparation of the speculum and legal work. Due to difficulties in legal policy, the speculum was in crisis, written in 1268, the
Read MoreUnderstanding Purpose of Law: Characteristics and Elements
Understanding the Purpose of Law
Key Characteristics of Law
- Generality: Law applies universally, not to specific individuals.
- Imperative: Law commands actions and prohibits others, without suggestion or invitation.
- Alterity: Law governs relationships between two or more parties, existing within society. Law and society are interconnected; one cannot exist without the other.
- Coercibility: Law can be enforced by force if necessary.
Characteristics of Fundamental Rights
Human rights are subjective rights
Read MoreUnderstanding Punishment, Social Contracts, and Legal Obligations
Punishment
Punishment
Definition of Punishment
Punishment is the infliction of a penalty or sanction on an individual or group for a perceived wrongdoing, offense, or violation of rules, laws, or social norms. The primary purpose of punishment is to deter the individual or group from committing similar wrongdoings in the future, as well as to provide justice and reparation to the victims or society as a whole.
Types of Punishment
There are several types of punishment, including:
- Corporal Punishment: Physical
Law Essentials: Key Concepts and Legal Terms
Substantive Law vs. Procedural Law
Procedural law provides the process that a case will go through. It determines how a proceeding concerning the enforcement of substantive law will occur. Substantive law defines how the facts in the case will be handled, as well as how the crime is to be charged.
Housing Law: Tenant Definition
One who holds or possesses real estate or sometimes personal property by any kind of right. For example, “a housing law is now leasing the apartment”. This person is a tenant.
Read MoreUnderstanding Loss of Earnings, Compliance, and Payment Methods
Loss of Earnings (Damages)
According to Article 1106 CC, loss of earnings refers to the profit a creditor has ceased to receive due to the debtor’s responsibility. This loss relates to a patrimonial injury, specifically the loss of a net increase in assets that would have been obtained as a result of a breach, unlawful act, or harm imputed to a third party.
The Court requires a careful and restrictive approach when assessing evidence of the existence of profits, especially regarding the “quantum”
Read MoreUnderstanding the U.S. Political and Administrative System
The Political and Administrative System of the U.S.
What Kind of Government Does the U.S. Have?
The U.S. has a Federal System of government composed of:
- A central (or federal) government seated in Washington D.C.
- The state governments of the 50 states.
How Is Governing Power Distributed?
The governing power is stipulated by the Constitution:
- The Federal government must not interfere with the state governments.
- All states must abide by the fundamental rights and privileges of all citizens.