Bills of Exchange: Creation, Form, Endorsement, and Payment
Chapter II: In the Bill of Exchange
Section One: Creation, Form, and Endorsement
Article 76
The bill of exchange must contain:
- The term “bill of exchange” inserted in the document;
- The place and date (day, month, and year) of subscription;
- The unconditional order to the drawee to pay a certain sum of money;
- The name of the drawee;
- The place and time of payment;
- The name of the person to whom payment is to be made; and
- The signature of the drawer or the person who signed at their request or on their behalf.
Sign Language Interpreter Responsibilities and Best Practices
Waiver of Services
The ILS (Interpreter of Sign Language) has the right to waive the provision of professional services in the following cases:
- When the requested service is outside of their professional skills. For example, if a user asks an ILS for banking procedures and then requests representation.
- When lacking the training or experience to provide quality service, such as a request to interpret at a computing techniques conference with minimal relevant training.
- When proper conditions for service
Internal and External Fiscal Control in Venezuela: Regulations and Procedures
Internal Control Functions
The following are the functions of internal control:
- Dictate the rules for qualifying, selecting, and hiring auditors, consultants, or independent professionals in the field of control, and rules for the implementation and presentation of its results;
- Evaluate the exercise and the results of internal and external control;
- Evaluate the accounting systems of the entities and bodies referred to in paragraphs 1 to 11 of Article 9 of this Act;
- Establish the terms and conditions
Spanish Advertising Law: Misleading, Unfair, and Unconstitutional Ads
Misleading Advertising
Misleading advertising, defined in Article 4 of the Act, can induce or mislead recipients, affecting their economic behavior and potentially harming competitors. It can also omit key information. There are three types of misleading advertising:
- Misleading to recipients, either by using a similar brand to a prestigious one or by other means.
- Harmful to a competitor, making reference to another brand.
- Omitting essential product details (e.g., selling a component separately).
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Read MoreLegal Acts: Conditions and Validity
Legal Acts Essentials
A legal act manifests human will to produce legal effects. A legal fact triggers legal repercussions.
Key Concepts
Legal consequences include law creation, termination, or amendment. A convention amends or terminates rights and obligations. A contract creates rights and obligations (Article 1438).
Act Existence Elements
For a legal act to exist, it requires:
- Will
- Aim
- Cause
- Solemnities
Act Validity Conditions
For validity, a legal act must have:
- Defect-free will
- Capacity
- Lawful object
- Lawful
Understanding Indefinite and Fixed-Term Employment Contracts in Spain
Indefinite Contracts & Bonuses
Permanent Labor Agreements
Permanent contracts have no set termination date. They are presumed indefinite unless a temporary nature is explicitly stated. Indefinite contracts are assumed in the following circumstances:
- The worker hasn’t been discharged from Social Security after the trial period.
- The contract wasn’t made in writing when required.
- Contracts are entered in fraud of law (e.g., fixed-term for continuing needs).
- The company doesn’t end the contract upon completion,