Victims’ Rights: Legal Framework and Support Systems
The rights of victims are increasingly recognized within the justice system. Key legal instruments include:
- Declaration on Fundamental Principles of Justice for Victims of Crimes and Abuses of Power (1985): Acknowledges victims as central to justice.
- Recommendation of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe (1985): Focuses on improving legal protection and comprehensive assistance for victims.
- Framework Decision of 15 March 2001 on the standing of victims in criminal proceedings: Aims to
Evolution of English Common Law: From Anglo-Saxon Roots to Equity
Evolution of English Common Law
1. Background:
- Anglo-Saxon conquest of Great Britain: 450-700
- Main institutions: Shires and shire courts (presided by shire reeves or sheriffs, king’s men); Hundreds and courts of the hundred (also presided by king’s reeves); Both applied customary Anglo-Saxon law but under a royal structure
- Norman conquest of Great Britain: 1066
- Radical feudalism imposed at a single stroke: all land is declared to be owned by the king, who distributes it among his followers
- Royal authority,
Rosas & Rivadavia: Shaping 19th Century Argentina
Juan Manuel de Rosas: Buenos Aires Governor
Juan Manuel de Rosas was an Argentine politician who served as Governor of Buenos Aires during the periods 1829-1832 and 1835-1852. He effectively held power for over 20 years, wielding extraordinary powers granted by the provincial legislature, aiming to stabilize the country amidst political anarchy.
Rosas’ Early Life and Political Rise
Born in Buenos Aires into one of the city’s most prominent families, his birth name was Juan Manuel Ortiz de Rozas. He
Read MoreSpanish Employment Contracts, Salary, and Working Hours
Contract Formalization
Upon signing an employment contract, the worker agrees to its terms. A contract containing fraudulent or legally unfair terms is considered invalid. After signing, the employer must give one copy to the worker and another to the workers’ representatives. Within ten days of signing, a copy must be sent by the employer to the employment office.
Trial Period
A trial period can be established when signing the contract. If the contract doesn’t specify it, the relevant collective agreement
Read MoreBusiness Transfer, Leasing, and Entrepreneur Liability
Sales (Inter Vivos Transfer)
The sale involves the inter vivos transfer of a business. This is determined by the specific assets being transferred, essentially the company itself. This applies specifically to trading companies when transferring a capital unit formed by economic activity and labor, managed and organized by its owner.
The transfer conveys ownership of the company, focusing on economic factors and factual/legal relationships not subject to legal control. These include organization, customers,
Read MoreIndividual Entrepreneur vs. Limited Company: Key Differences
Individual Entrepreneur vs. Limited Company
Individual Entrepreneur: An individual entrepreneur can be of legal age or an emancipated minor, or a disabled minor represented by their legal representatives. The individual entrepreneur’s liability is unlimited. If only one person exercises the activity, the following considerations must be taken into account:
- Real estate owned by the employer and spouse.
- Assets acquired during the business activity.
- Separate property of the spouse is only affected with