Impartiality and Independence of Judges in Legal Proceedings
Preserving Impartiality
The legitimacy of a judge in any legal process hinges on their impartiality and lack of connection to the involved parties or the subject of the proceedings. Two key safeguards ensure this impartiality: abstention and challenge.
Abstention
Abstention is an obligation of every judge or magistrate to recuse themselves from a case due to potential conflicts of interest. This involves promptly disclosing any grounds for disqualification to the relevant Section or Division of the
Read MoreEmployment Contracts and Employer Obligations
Employment Relationships and Legal Sources
Relationship Types
Voluntary Relationships: Employees (salaried, personal, dependent)
Special Relationships: Senior management, domestic servants, prisoners, deportees, professionals and artists in public performances, disabled individuals in employment centers.
Excluded Relationships: Company officers, board of directors, work based on friendship or family ties up to second-degree consanguinity, benefit obligations.
Legal Sources
- Company policies
- Customs and
Federal Tax Credit and Administrative Acts in Mexico
Federal Tax Credit and Administrative Acts
Place and Date of Issuance
Acts will be notified at the Angelis office and may be consulted.
Resources
Decisions will be made on all proposed items, matching background calls and completing every order.
LFPA Exceptions
- Contributions (taxes, transfers of social security contributions for improvements and rights)
- Federal MP
- Foreign Trade
- Unfair Competition
- Actions of Public Servants
CFF Requirements (Art. 38)
- Written or digital document
- Issuing authority
- Place and date
Spanish Constitution of 1978: Key Principles and Structure
Spanish Constitution of 1978
Key Principles and Structure
The Spanish Constitution of 1978, a pivotal document in Spanish history, established the first democratically elected government by universal suffrage. Born from the efforts of a parliamentary commission representing diverse political viewpoints (UCD, AP, PSOE, PCE, and CIU, notably excluding the PNV), this constitution laid the groundwork for a modern, democratic Spain.
Core Values and Principles
Article 1 enshrines the “higher values” of law,
Read MoreInternational Law and Human Rights: Individual and Collective Rights
A. Individual Subjectivity in International Law
Active Subjectivity: Claiming Rights and Accessing International Jurisdictions
When a foreign individual experiences a violation of international law by a U.S. entity, they typically must first seek redress within the U.S. legal system. If this fails, they can request their own country’s government to exercise diplomatic protection. However, diplomatic protection involves state-to-state interaction. Within domestic legal systems, individuals can access
Read MoreCopyright Law and Penalties for Information System Crimes
Chapter II: Law Subjects
Article 6
Only the copyright holder can decide on partial or complete disclosure of the work.
Chapter III: Duration of Protection
Article 10
Protection lasts the author’s lifetime plus 50 years. If the author’s spouse or unmarried/widowed daughters (whose spouse is permanently unable to work) survive, protection extends until the last survivor’s death. This retroactive protection applies to the spouse and daughters.
Chapter IV: Moral Rights
Article 14
The author, as sole owner of
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