Understanding Employee Rights and Leave Policies

1. Types of Leave

  • It may be voluntary, forced, for the care of a child, or to care for a relative.
  • Unpaid Leave: The employee may request unpaid leave if they have been with the company for at least 1 year. The period of leave cannot be less than 2 years nor more than 5 years.
  • This right can be exercised only once, if 4 years have passed since the end of the previous leave. There is no right to job re-entry without a vacancy of equal or similar category to yours that has occurred or is produced in
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Understanding Environmental Rights and Constitutional Interpretation

PEC2.2.1 Guiding Principle or Legal Right
Very briefly in the notes that give us the UOC for rights relating to the environment, there are three doctrinal positions on constitutional interpretation:

  1. Those that say the constitutional text reflects a subjective right (is a guiding principle).
  2. Those who say yes.
  3. Those who are somewhere between the two.

From here, we will try to see how we approach the subject and what is the current reality of the concept.
One of the traditional positions that deny the right

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Chilean Pension Reform Law 20,255

Law 20,255: Pension Reform

Key Benefits

This law introduces several pension benefits for AFP and INP members, pensioners of slender means, and others. It also includes miscellaneous amendments to the pension system.

1. Solidarity Pension System (SPS)

This tax-funded system includes two benefits:

  • Basic Solidarity Pension (PBS)
  • Solidarity Contribution Support Services (APS)
A) Basic Solidarity Pension (PBS)

Granted for old age and disability. These are non-contributory, requiring no prior beneficiary contributions.

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Venezuelan Commercial Law: Sources, Hierarchy, and Commercial Acts

Item 2 to 4: Articles 8 and 9 of the Commercial Code (CDC)

Article 8. In cases not specifically addressed by this Code, the provisions of the Civil Code shall apply.

Article 9. Mercantile customs supplement the Act if the facts are uniform, public, usually executed in the Republic or in a particular locality, and repeated over a long period of time, such that the judges appreciate them prudently.

Source Concept

When discussing sources of commercial law, we refer to the concept of formal sources, i.e.

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Roman Legal Personhood: Status, Capacity, and Associations

Shame De Facto (Turpitudo)

Also called “Turpitudo.” It was regarded as “bad reputation” in society, but no specific causes or consequences were assigned. Sometimes, individuals who committed such acts of infamy were declared unfit to be witnesses. Regardless of specific causes, individuals in certain professions (actors, gladiators, prostitutes, etc.) were considered infamous de facto. Women who remarried before completing their first year of widowhood, individuals convicted in a public trial for

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Spanish Commercial Law: Sources & Company Legal Structures

Spanish Sources of Commercial Law

1. Source: Commercial Law

Article 2 of the Code of Commerce states that commercial matters are governed by its provisions, encompassing not only the Code itself but also any applicable law. Commercial law, as the primary source of state discipline, includes written rules (codified or not) regulating commercial matters. These include legal provisions (laws, legislative decrees) and administrative arrangements (decrees, ordinances, resolutions). Commercial rules are

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