Private International Law: Principles and Scope in Latin America
Chapter 1: Concept of Private International Law (PIL)
1. Raison d’être of Private International Law
- Double reason for being:
- Existence of multiple jurisdictions.
- Legal relationships do not stop at borders.
2. International Character of Private International Law
- PIL is an international-type law.
- Sources:
- The most important is the law.
- International conventions.
- Customary international law (commercial law).
- Increased government activity.
- PIL is said to be a law in tension between national and international trends.
Religious Freedom and Legal Framework in Spain
Basic or Common Fonts
Apply equally to all religious phenomena within society. Underlie the peculiar rules that apply.
The Constitution of 1978 is the foundation of all national laws. Its precepts play a triple role: they are rules integrated, interpreted, and inspiring the legal system. In the case of fundamental rights, constitutional rules are fully valid and are directly enforceable by the courts and tribunals. The key items are 1, 9, 10, 14, and 16. They state the higher values of law, the principal
Business Structures and Taxation: Key Considerations
**Sole Trader**
- A natural person who carries on a business in their own name through a commercial, industrial, or professional activity.
- Liability: Unlimited
- Capital: No minimum
- Governing Bodies: The owner
- Constitution: DNI, voluntary registration in the Commercial Register
**Limited Liability Company (SL)**
- A commercial entity whose capital is divided into equal, cumulative, and indivisible shares, which cannot be incorporated into securities or called shares.
- Liability: Limited to the contributed capital
Religious Freedom and Organizations: Legal Framework in Spain
Constitutional Guarantees
The Spanish Constitution (EC) protects religious freedom through several guarantees:
- Article 53.1 EC: Requires a law to regulate the right to religious freedom.
- Article 53.2 EC: Provides for preferred ordinary and summary protection, and special constitutional protection.
- Article 54 EC: Establishes the Ombudsman.
- Article 81 EC: Requires an organic law for the development of the essential content of the right to religious freedom.
- Article 161.1 EC: Provides special guardianship
Sports Law in Spain: Anti-Doping, Safety, and Violence Prevention
TITLE VIII. Control of Substances and Methods Prohibited in Sport and Safety in Sport
Article 56. Competence for the Preparation of Lists of Substances and Suppression of Prohibited Practices and Methods
1. The Higher Sports Council, in accordance with the provisions of international agreements signed by Spain, and taking into account other instruments in the same field, shall produce, for the purposes of this Act, lists of prohibited substances and drug groups, and determine the non-regulatory methods
Read MoreUnderstanding Employment Contracts for Teachers in Chile
The Employment Contract
What is an Individual Employment Contract?
The individual employment contract is an agreement whereby the employer and employee have mutual obligations. The latter provides personal service under the dependence and subordination of the former, and the employer pays a certain remuneration for these services.
The Labor Code defines the contract we sign as we join our respective labor pool. The employment contract must be signed by both parties no later than fifteen days after
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