Land Ownership Transformation in 19th-Century Spain
This period represented a fundamental change in the system of ownership and land tenure in Spain. Understanding the seizure involves government confiscation of real estate under collective ownership, either ecclesiastical or civil. After nationalization and subsequent sale at auction, these properties became new, private entities with full freedom of use and disposal. They now had the status of privately owned assets, free of ordinary encumbrances.
Background
First, during the reign of Charles III,
Read MoreUnderstanding the Judiciary: Structure, Functions, and Principles
The Judiciary System
The judiciary system serves as a cornerstone of democratic governance, responsible for interpreting laws, adjudicating disputes, and protecting individual rights. Its structure, functions, guiding principles, and the challenges it faces are critical for understanding how justice is administered in society.
Structure of the Judiciary
The judiciary is organized into a hierarchical framework, typically consisting of various levels of courts, each with specific jurisdictions and roles:
Read MoreCrimes Against Collective Security and Public Health in Spain
Crimes Against the Collective Security
Article 341. The release of nuclear energy or radioactive elements that endanger human life or the health of persons or property, but where there is no explosion, shall be punished with imprisonment of fifteen to twenty years and specific disqualification from employment or public office, profession, or occupation for a period of ten to twenty years. Whoever, without being included in the previous article, disrupts the operation of a nuclear or radioactive facility,
Read MoreCivil Law: Obligations, Contracts, Property, and Real Rights
Introduction and General
Lesson I: Civil Law
1. The General Legal Rule
1.1 Characteristics of Legal Standards
1.2 Classes or Types of Legal Standards
1.3 Distinguishing Elements of Legal Standards
1.4 Recipients of Legal Standards
2. The Distinction Between Public and Private Law
1. Public Law
2. Private Law
2.1 General Private Law
2.2 Special Private Law
3. The Concept of Civil Law
Lesson II: The Legal System
1. Sources of Law
1.1 Formal Sources
1.2 Material Sources
1.3 The Law
1.3.1 Formal Law
1.3.2 Material Law
1.
Read MoreCriminal Procedure: Judgments, Appeals, and Cassation
Lesson 18: Sentence and its Finality
1. Concept of Judicial Sentencing
A decision terminating the process, condemning or acquitting the accused. It determines that the facts of the accusation are definitively decided, without prejudice to the resources that fit over the judgment, which can invalidate the proceedings or even roll back to an earlier time if there is an invalidity of activities, but without ever fitting with an acquittal merely having formal effects on the body, allowing a retrial or
Read MoreThe Crown and the Role of the King in Spain’s Parliamentary Monarchy
Item 7: The Crown
1. Parliamentary Monarchy
We are facing a constitutional body that has particular characteristics compared to other constitutional bodies, which leads to the singling out of the same within our constitutional structure.
A. The King
Our constitution provides for a hereditary monarchy that has seen no significant developments since its inception. However, certain developments are worth mentioning:
- The King should be considered as an organ of the Constitution. The acquisition of the King’