Understanding Criminal Sanctions and Sentencing in the US
Punishment and Sentencing: Goals of Criminal Sanctions in the United States
Criminal sanctions in the United States have four main goals:
- Retribution (deserved punishment)
- Deterrence
- Incapacitation
- Rehabilitation
Ultimately, all criminal punishment aims at maintaining social order, but the justifications for sentencing proceed from the American values of justice and fairness. Punishment reflects the dominant values of a particular moment in history. By the end of the 1960s, for example, the number of
Read MoreCriminal Procedure: Understanding Legal Processes and Rights
Presenting a Complaint in an Ordinary Action
B) To present a complaint in an ordinary action, is it necessary to sign an advocate? True, also an attorney.
The complaint can only be made in writing.
False, it can be made in writing or verbally, either personally or through an agent with special powers.
Appealing a Trial Sentence
3. What are the faults in appealing a trial sentence?
An appeal may be lodged within five days of notification. The appeal follows the prosecution of the appeal by summary procedure.
Read MoreIndian Law: Historical Development and Key Features in Spanish America
Indian Law: Historical Development and Key Features
Indian Law consists of a set of legal rules applicable to the territory of the West Indies, that is, America, the Philippines, and Oceania, which were part of the territories that came under Spanish rule. Upon the discovery of America on October 12, 1492, the intention was to apply Spanish law directly in the West Indies. However, this proved to be a failure because the political, economic, legal, social, and religious reality of the West Indies
Read MoreSuspensive Conditions in Contract Law: Impact and Stages
Obligations subject to a suspensive condition are those whose onset of effectiveness depends on the realization of an uncertain future event, i.e., the act constituting the obligation. If the condition is not met, the obligation fails to deploy its effects.
These obligations go through several phases. The result is when the obligation arises (there is a doctrinal view that prefers that the obligation does not arise until the obligation is fulfilled, but the obligation arises, if it fulfills all its
Read MoreCriminal Law: Rights, Evidence, and Procedures
Defendant’s Rights
A criminal defendant has the following rights:
- Presumption of innocence
- Right to legal counsel
- Right to a fair and public trial
- Right to confront witnesses
- Right to remain silent
- Right to due process
- Protection against double jeopardy
- Protection against unreasonable searches and seizures
- Protection against cruel and unusual punishment
- Right to appeal
Presentation of Evidence in a Criminal Trial
The evidence can be presented in a criminal trial:
- Physical evidence
- Documentary evidence: Documents
Negotiable Instruments, Contracts, and Consumer Rights: Key Legal Concepts
Negotiable Instruments Act 1881
According to the Negotiable Instruments Act of 1881, negotiable instruments are written documents that guarantee the payment of a specific amount of money to the designated bearer on demand, with certain legal protection. The different negotiable instruments are:
- Promissory Note (Section 4)
- Bills of Exchange (Section 5)
- Cheque (Section 6)
Features of Negotiable Instruments
- A negotiable instrument is freely transferable. It is easy to transfer from one person to another.