US Government and Civics: Principles, Constitution, and Rights
Chapter 1: Foundations of Government
Types of Citizenship
- Public-Interested: Prioritizes public welfare (e.g., voting for societal benefits).
- Self-Interested: Maximizes personal gain (e.g., supporting self-beneficial tax cuts).
Politics vs. Government
- Government: Organizes and allocates authority.
- Politics: Gains and exercises control within government.
Types of Governments
- Authoritarian: Centralized power; people are “subjects” (e.g., North Korea).
- Non-Authoritarian: Citizen-driven; many freedoms (e.
Local Administration and Municipal Governance in Spain
LESSON 10: Local Administration and Municipal Governance in Spain
I. LOCAL ADMINISTRATION.
1. Constitutional Budgets. The study of local government must be based on constitutional regulation. This idea was obscured during the previous regime and the dictatorship of the 1920s, which had nonetheless laid the legislative foundations of Spanish local management in all matters not related to the approaches of political representation and empowerment of local corporations.
The constitutional regulation of
Read MoreCommercial Register: Registration, Impact, and Key Functions
Item 11: The Commercial Register (Important)
Concept, Characteristics, and Effects
- The Commercial Register is a public institution that records entries related to the most basic and general aspects of entrepreneurial activity. Its purpose is to protect those who rely on the entries in this list. The effectiveness of registration is what distinguishes it from other records.
- It has both formal and material publicity.
- Formal: It is public because the contents of its books can be accessed, either by certifying
Understanding Minor Contracts and Administrative Liability in Spain
Minor Contracts in Public Administration
Minor contracts are those for which there is, in principle, no formal procedure. Agility is prioritized in achieving government aims, granting a margin of confidence. Minor contracts may be applied to typical or nominee contracts, special contracts, mixed contracts, and private contracts.
Minor contracts are defined by their size, specifically an amount less than €50,000 for works contracts, or €18,000 for other contracts. While each contract will have
Read MoreJudicial Power: Principles, Structure, and Spanish Courts
ITEM 10 – THE JUDICIARY
1. Concept of Judicial Power
Between the time of the creation of law and its implementation, there is an intermediate time in which it is necessary to determine whether the law applies or not to the specific case on which it is necessary to rule. Montesquieu, in his classic theory of separation of powers, considered the judiciary as a power other than the legislature and the executive.
Judicial power is the power to declare existing law through judgments, which ultimately conclude
Read MoreCommercial Purchase and Sale Agreements: Legal Framework
Item 9: Buying and Selling
The Buying and Selling Commercial Contract
In a purchase and sale agreement, one party is obliged to deliver a certain item, and the other party is obliged to pay a certain price in money or a sign representing it.
A) Regulation and Content
- A commercial purchase and sale will be a contract in which the buyer intends to resell the item for profit. It is necessary to know the buyer’s intention to qualify it. If the buyer is a merchant, it is easy to presume that when they buy