Understanding the Spanish Electoral System and Suffrage
Elements of Suffrage
1. Constituency: It is divided into colleges and tables, which are territorial and personal units. The constituency is more important than schools and tables because it is the sum, and what comes out of there becomes seats.
2. The Nominations: Nominations are in each division. They are also single-member (one candidate) and multi-member (many candidates). In each district, several positions are chosen and, therefore, several candidates are presented. Whoever has the most votes
Read MoreRule of Law and Democracy: Key Principles and Features
Rule of Law: Key Features
Elías Díaz’s Definition
According to Elías Díaz, the rule of law is characterized by:
- Division of powers
- Legality of the administration
- Recognition and guarantee of fundamental rights
Under the rule of law, the top executive and legislative powers are governed by the people.
Constitutional Recognition
- The existence of a division of powers, which has some connections.
- The existence of a highly developed administration gives more power to the executive.
- The Spanish Constitution
Administrative Law Proceedings: Key Elements and Characteristics
Administrative Law Proceedings: Key Elements
General Characteristics:
a) Administrative Activity and Budget: A prerequisite for a contentious administrative process is an administrative act, measure, or omission by the administration.
b) Technique Control of Legality: The judiciary, separate from the executive, ensures the administration complies with the law. Courts are subject to the rule of law, and the administration must act within legal boundaries, even when making discretionary decisions.
c)
Read MoreEnforcement of Judgments: Legal Procedures and Types
Item 26 and 28: Enforcement of Judgments
Execution is a judicial power, under Article 117 of the EC, which speaks of “the power to prosecute and to execute judgments.” The content of the judicial power does not end with the sentence, with the final decision process, declaring the law in the case. The trial court, favorable or not so intended by the actor, can sometimes be insufficient to give full satisfaction to the fundamental right to effective judicial protection, recognized in Article 24.1 of
Read MoreUnderstanding Different Types of Laws and Legal Principles
Common Law
Common law is the standard ordinary legal status, usually the second step in the legal hierarchy of a state’s laws, following the Constitution and in parallel with organic laws or equivalent (which often have unique requirements for approval and deal with specific matters). It is at the same hierarchical level but with different powers. However, Spain’s Constitutional Court held in its Judgement of February 13, 1981, that the relationship between regular and organic law is not one of hierarchy,
Read MoreMexican Civil Code: Sales, Leases, Donations, and Other Contracts
Purchase
Article 1397.- The purchase is a contract whereby one party transfers ownership of one thing or all of the right and the other pays a certain price in money.
Article 1398.- The sale is binding on the parties by agreement only them in the thing and the price, although the first has not been delivered, nor the second satisfied.
Article 1399.- If the price of the thing sold be paid partly in money and partly in value otherwise, the contract will be for sale when the share of cash, equal to or
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