Criminal Law: Rights, Evidence, and Procedures
Defendant’s Rights
A criminal defendant has the following rights:
- Presumption of innocence
- Right to legal counsel
- Right to a fair and public trial
- Right to confront witnesses
- Right to remain silent
- Right to due process
- Protection against double jeopardy
- Protection against unreasonable searches and seizures
- Protection against cruel and unusual punishment
- Right to appeal
Presentation of Evidence in a Criminal Trial
The evidence can be presented in a criminal trial:
- Physical evidence
- Documentary evidence: Documents
Negotiable Instruments, Contracts, and Consumer Rights: Key Legal Concepts
Negotiable Instruments Act 1881
According to the Negotiable Instruments Act of 1881, negotiable instruments are written documents that guarantee the payment of a specific amount of money to the designated bearer on demand, with certain legal protection. The different negotiable instruments are:
- Promissory Note (Section 4)
- Bills of Exchange (Section 5)
- Cheque (Section 6)
Features of Negotiable Instruments
- A negotiable instrument is freely transferable. It is easy to transfer from one person to another.
Administrative Law and Constitutional Principles
Nature and Scope of Administrative Activities
The nature and scope of administrative activities can be broadly understood as follows:
Nature of Administration
Management and Coordination: Administration involves planning, organizing, coordinating, and controlling activities to achieve organizational goals.
Policy Implementation: Administrators ensure that policies set by the organization or government are implemented effectively.
Decision-Making: Administrative roles often require making decisions
Economic Freedom and Property Rights Under the Chilean Constitution
Freedom to Develop Economic Activities and Economic Amparo
Freedom to develop economic activities, also known as Economic Amparo, was conceived as an instrument to provide protection to economic freedom, just as economic freedom is also protected by another resource called the writ of protection. (1) Both instruments aim to protect economic freedom, but a distinction must be made. While Economic Amparo has only been designed for economic freedom, the writ of protection has been designed for the protection
Read MoreLabor Law Sources: Understanding the Hierarchy and Application
Item 3: Sources of Labor Law
Table of Sources of Labor Law
The sources of labor law can be drawn from the general clauses of the sources of the Legal System. These sources include:
- The Constitution: Contains many provisions related to these sources.
- The Civil Code: Preliminary set of system sources (Article 1).
- The Organic Law on the Judiciary (LOPJ).
After the Labor Contract Law, labor law provides a specific picture of the sources of labor law that is contained in the Workers’ Statute (Article 3). The
Read MorePublic Safety and Crime Prevention in Brazil
Public Safety as Defined by the Federal Constitution of 1988
Public safety is a duty of the State, a right and responsibility of all, and is exercised to preserve public order and the safety of persons and property. This is achieved through various bodies: the Federal Police, Federal Highway Police, Federal Railway Police, Civil Police, Military Police, and Military Fire Brigades.
Public Safety as a Public Service
Public service must consider the citizen as the recipient. Shack in the slums should
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