Military and Juvenile Justice: Procedures and Principles
Military Jurisdiction: Peculiarities and Procedures
Composition and Hierarchy of Military Courts
Room V of the Military Tribunal of the Supreme Court demonstrates the linking of this special jurisdiction with the ordinary courts. It consists of:
- Four Career Magistrates
- Four Legal Corps of the Army
- The Clerk of the Board
Below this lies the Central Military Court, based in Madrid, with jurisdiction throughout the national territory. After it is placed on the Military Courts Territorial number 5 (one per
Read MoreSocial Security in Chile: History, Principles, and Framework
Historical Background
The Social Security (SS) system as we know it today has a fairly recent origin, especially in the 20th century, following the Second World War in England. However, the first social insurance was born in Germany in the 1880s. Throughout history, various forms of social assistance have existed with similarities to the current SS system.
- In ancient Rome, collegia, groups of people exercising the same trade, formed mutual associations for social assistance in events such as illness
Fundamental Principles of Procedural Law: A Comprehensive Analysis
Fundamental Principles of Procedural Law
1. The Public Interest in the Process
The process has an eminently public or general interest since, by its nature, it guarantees respect for life, peace, social harmony, and justice.
2. The Exclusive and Mandatory Role of the State
The judicial function is a power of the state, prohibiting private justice. This determines the obligation of citizens to submit to state judicial decisions. The state is the sole administrator of justice.
3. Independence of the Judicial
Read MoreBusiness Structures and Operations: A Comprehensive Look
Company
Definition: An economic unit that combines different factors of production, producing and making goods and services publicly available to meet demand. Firms produce goods and services using several factors of production:
- Labor: The physical and intellectual personnel performing in the production process.
- Natural Resources: Resources that nature makes available to humans to produce what they need.
- Capital: Produced goods that are used to produce other goods.
All these factors combine to:
- Produce:
Separation of Powers and Legal Framework in Spain
Rule of Law
The Rule of Law originated with the French Revolution and is based on the separation of powers into three branches.
The Division of Powers
Legislative Power
The Cortes Generales represent the Spanish people through the Congress of Deputies and the Senate. There are 350 Congressmen and 259 Senators. They are elected every four years by universal, free, equal, direct, and secret suffrage. The Cortes Generales exercise the legislative power of the State, approve the General State Budget, control
Read MoreLegal Measures: Protecting Victims and Criminal Procedures
Measures to Protect Victims: Purpose and Classes
The court can take measures such as the prohibition of residence, movement, and communication in proceedings for crimes of homicide, abortion, injuries, torture, crimes against freedom, against moral integrity, sexual freedom, against the right to privacy, to honor, heritage, and socio-economic benefits. These measures are based on a prima facie case (circumstantial complaint), not on the existence of a periculum in mora (risk of delay), but on the
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