Foundations of Indian Law and Justice System
The Judicial System: Framework for Law
A judicial system provides the framework for interpreting and applying law within a society. It ensures justice and maintains social order.
Key Components of the Judicial System
- Courts: These are the primary institutions for resolving disputes and interpreting the law.
- Judges: Impartial decision-makers who interpret the law and make rulings.
- Lawyers: Professionals who represent clients in court and advocate for their interests.
Functions of the Judicial System
- Dispute
Consumer and User Rights in Tourist Contracts
1. General Rules of Commercial Contracts and Their Sources
- General Provisions (Code of Commerce):
- Article 50: Business contracts, in all matters related to their requisites, amendments, exceptions, interpretation, extinction, and capacity of the parties, shall be governed in all matters not specifically set forth in this Code or in special Laws, by the general rules of ordinary Civil Law.
- Article 2: Acts of commerce, whether performed by business persons or not, and whether or not they are specified
Consumer Rights in International Tourist Contracts & Package Travel
Consumer Protection in International Tourist Contracts
This section outlines the protection afforded to consumers in tourist contracts with international elements, focusing on key EU regulations.
EU Regulations on Tourist Contracts
Council Regulation (EC) No 44/2001: Jurisdiction and Judgments
- This regulation, dated 22 December 2000, concerns jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters.
- A consumer may initiate legal proceedings either in the courts of
India’s Fight Against Corruption: Mechanisms and Laws
Understanding Corruption and India’s Response
Corruption is generally understood as the misuse of public power for private gain. It involves unethical or dishonest behavior by people in positions of authority, especially in public administration. Corruption can take various forms such as bribery, embezzlement, nepotism, fraud, and favoritism, and it affects the efficiency, fairness, and credibility of government institutions.
In the context of public administration, corruption occurs when public officials
Read MoreCompany Formation Steps and Requirements
Company Formation Procedures
| NAME | DEFINITION | PLACE |
| NEGATIVE CERTIFICATION OF NAME | The first step is to obtain a certificate from the Central Business Register stating that no other company has the same or an identical name. | Section of denomination of the Central Business Register. |
| CAPITAL INCOME IN A CURRENT ACCOUNT | Capital can be deposited in any bank. A certificate will be required. The amount to be deposited depends on the company type:
| Any bank or savings |
Takaful Legal Framework & Risk Management in Malaysia
Legal Framework of Takaful in Malaysia
The legal landscape for Takaful in Malaysia has evolved significantly, transitioning from earlier acts to comprehensive modern legislation.
Evolution of Takaful Laws
- Insurance Act 1963 (Repealed): Replaced by the Financial Services Act 2013 (FSA 2013).
- Takaful Act 1984 (Repealed): Replaced by the Islamic Financial Services Act 2013 (IFSA 2013).
Key Legal Categories
The Takaful industry operates under several categories of laws and policies:
Enabling Laws
These laws
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