Public vs Private International Law: Key Concepts
Public vs. Private International Law
Public international law regulates relations between states and international organizations. In contrast, private international law regulates legal relations between individuals that involve a foreign element.
The Role of Legislation
Legislation is a critical source of private international law because it provides clear legal rules regarding:
- Nationality
- Jurisdiction
- Conflict of laws
Courts rely on these established rules to resolve international private disputes effectively.
Read MoreEssential Legal English Vocabulary and Terminology
Legal Professions
- Attorney: Lawyer qualified in the USA. (Abogado en EE.UU.)
- Barrister: Lawyer who represents clients in higher courts. (Abogado litigante)
- Lawyer: General legal professional. (Abogado)
- Solicitor: Lawyer who advises clients and prepares legal documents. (Abogado asesor)
- Acting for: Representing a client. (Representar)
- Advocacy: Speaking on behalf of a client. (Defensa jurídica)
- Appear: Act in court. (Comparecer)
- Judge: Person who decides cases. (Juez)
- Litigation: Court proceedings. (Litigio)
EU Judicial Cooperation and Schengen Border Controls
Judicial Cooperation in Criminal Matters
Judicial cooperation in criminal matters is a core component of the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ). It aims to ensure security in the EU by combating cross-border crime. Its purpose is to facilitate cooperation between police, customs, and other law enforcement authorities of Member States (MS) regarding criminal offenses. This is essential in an area with no internal borders, as the free movement of persons must not be exploited by organized
Read MoreExtraterritorial Jurisdiction and ECHR Human Rights Cases
State Invasion and Effective Jurisdiction
When a State invades another and commits human rights violations in that territory, the ECHR may still apply if the invading State is deemed to exercise “effective jurisdiction” over the occupied area. This has been confirmed by the ECtHR in multiple cases (such as Loizidou v. Turkey, concerning the occupation of northern Cyprus).
Article 1 of the Convention requires States to respect the rights of everyone within their jurisdiction. Although jurisdiction
Read MoreAzerbaijan State Information Policy and Cybersecurity
1. State Information Policy and Foundations
State information policy is a set of political, legal, and economic measures implemented by the government to regulate the information sphere, develop the digital economy, and ensure information security. The foundations of Azerbaijan’s policy are based on the national Constitution, the National Security Concept, and specific laws regarding informatization. It focuses on integrating into the global information space while strictly protecting national
Read MoreLaw 19983 on
1. Main normative acts related to the security of critical information infrastructures in Azerbaijan. (Easy)
The primary legal framework is established by the Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan “On Informatization, Information Resources, and Protection of Information.” This is heavily reinforced by specific Presidential Decrees that define the security parameters of Critical Information Infrastructure (CII) and assign regulatory oversight to the State Service for Special Communication and Information