Ancient Roman Architecture and Sculpture Masterpieces
The Flavian Amphitheater or Colosseum
The Colosseum was the largest amphitheater and the most spectacular built in the Roman Empire. It was built under Emperor Vespasian, but it was his son Titus who inaugurated it in 80 AD. The grand opening party lasted 102 days, during which he offered much entertainment. The four-story facade was lined with travertine marble, and it used the three Greek orders: Doric (first floor), Ionic (second floor), Corinthian (third floor), and a free order on the fourth
Read MoreMiguel Hernández: Poetry and Commitment in War
Social and Political Commitment in Miguel Hernández’s Poetry
In 1934, Miguel Hernández traveled to Madrid for the second time, mingling with intellectuals and decisively breaking away from the Orihuela environment. This resulted in a personal and poetic crisis, leading to contact with Pablo Neruda, Cernuda, and Alberti. In 1936, he published *El rayo que no cesa*, and became acquainted with Vicente Aleixandre, whose book *La destrucción o el amor* became his bedside book. He moved away from the
Read MoreModernism in Spanish Literature: Machado and Jiménez
Modernism: A Literary Movement
Modernism, a literary movement of the early twentieth century, coexists with the Generation of ’98. The *noventayochistas* (members of the Generation of ’98) and Modernists have opposing features, despite sharing the Modernist ideology. Aestheticism (art for art’s sake) is central to the Modernist writer; literature should not have practical utility, and art should be amoral. Their motto is “Art for Art’s Sake,” and they defend the independence of literature from politics
Read MoreGeneration of ’27: Poets, Traits, and Evolution
Generation of ’27: A Defining Poetic Group
The Generation of ’27 refers to an influential group of Spanish poets who rose to prominence in the 1920s. This group significantly impacted Spanish literature, blending traditional forms with avant-garde techniques.
Key Members of the Generation of ’27
The core members of this literary movement include:
- Pedro Salinas
- Vicente Aleixandre
- Federico García Lorca
- Rafael Alberti
- Jorge Guillén
- Gerardo Diego
- Dámaso Alonso
- Luis Cernuda
- Emilio Prados
- Manuel Altolaguirre
Unifying
Read MoreSpanish Poetry: Themes, Styles, and Key Poets
Poetry of Knowledge
Poets seek a shift from the collective to the personal, comprehending the world individually. They aim to raise awareness and communicate through their work.
Topics:
- Time: Lost paradise of childhood and adolescence, sadness.
- Love: Erotica, individual experiences, friends.
- Creating Poetry: Metapoetry (reflection on poetry).
General Characteristics:
Colloquial language, free verse, humor and irony (detached from reality), meditative or reflective character (tendency to nominalization)
Read MoreSpanish Civil War Literature: A Historical Overview
Spanish Civil War Literature (1936-39)
The Spanish Civil War (1936-39) saw a dominance of ideological propaganda, generally lacking in literary quality. Cultural transmission was hampered by death and exile. The evolution of Spanish literature has been linked to subsequent social and political transformations in the country.
Main Stages
- Postwar Literature:
- Exaltation of dominant ideas: Literature often reflected the dominant ideas of the time.
- Works reflecting social issues: Works reflect the heartbreak