Spanish Poetry: Social Voice & Experience in the 50s-60s

Spanish Poetry of the Fifties

This period begins around 1955 with two significant books: Pido la paz y la palabra by Blas de Otero and Cantos Íberos by Gabriel Celaya.

Poetry was considered a form of communication addressed to the vast majority, aiming to be a tool for transforming the world.

Characteristics of Fifties Poetry

  • It prioritizes the message over the form.
  • The language is colloquial, sometimes prosaic.
  • Predominant themes include Spain, the denunciation of injustices, work, and freedom.
  • The
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Rome’s Rise: Punic Wars and Early Republic Foundation

Punic Wars: Rome’s Mediterranean Expansion

During the mid-third century BC, Rome was immersed in one of its most significant conflicts: the wars against the Carthaginians, known as the Punic Wars. The primary cause was the clash resulting from Rome’s westward expansionist ambitions.

Roman legends sometimes attributed the deep-seated animosity to the story of Aeneas. Fleeing Troy for Italy, he supposedly stopped in Carthage, fell in love with Queen Dido, and later abandoned her, leading to her suicide.

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Roman History: From Origins to Empire’s Fall

Origins of Rome

The historical origins of Rome date back to the mid-8th century BC. Some Latin tribes settled on the banks of the Tiber River, specifically on Palatine Hill, near Tiber Island and a ford (Latin: vadum) that allowed crossing the river. These early settlements grew into the city that would be called Rome.

The Roman Monarchy

In these early times, Rome was ruled by a monarchy.

Republican Rome (509 BC)

In 509 BC, a revolt overthrew the last Etruscan king, Tarquinius Superbus, and Rome became

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Ancient Roman Architecture: Temples, Baths, and Engineering

Ancient Rome: Trade, Agriculture, and Warfare

Rome was engaged in trade, agriculture, and war. They practiced athletic games and gladiatorial combat.

Features of Roman Architecture

  • Built cemeteries, churches, and civil works.
  • Utilized the arch and dome extensively.
  • Were skilled designers and engineers, influenced by Greek styles.
  • Used circular smooth shaft columns with capitals.
  • Temple bases were often nearly square.
  • Tombs were a characteristic building type.
  • Employed construction-support systems and lintels,
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Spanish Literature After Franco: Trends & Key Authors

Contemporary Spanish Literature

From Dictatorship to Democracy (1975-1978)

The transitional period between Franco’s death (1975) and the establishment of democracy was marked by significant social and political changes. The 1978 Constitution was adopted, leading to modernization in the economy, politics, and international integration.

Postmodernization in the 1980s

Political and social shifts in the 1980s gave rise to new ways of thinking, a postmodern perspective. This rejected traditional ideologies

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Spanish Literature: Poetry, Novel, and Theater (1940s-1950s)

Spanish Literature: 1940s Poetry Trends

The post-war era marked two major poetic trends representative of the 40s: rooted poetry and rootless poetry, characterized by a tragic tone and straightforward expression.

Rooted Poetry

The lyric of the Generation of ’36 is the most representative of rooted poetry, one that draws from Greece and finds no anguish in a world that is considered orderly. It valued classical forms like the sonnet and addressed themes of religion, love, and patriotism.

Uprooted Poetry

The

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