17th Century European Painting: Styles and Artists
17th Century European Painting
Painting Techniques and Themes
Artists continued to use fresco in vaults, domes, and walls, and oil on canvas became more widespread. The range of subjects expanded to include grotesque, ugly, and unpleasant aspects of life. Religious themes and portraits remained popular, alongside mythological scenes, historical events, landscapes, and still lifes.
Aesthetic Features
- Realism vs. beauty
- Expressiveness of figures in gestures and faces
- Movement and dynamism
- Contrasting illumination
17th & 18th Century Spanish Literature: Movements & Styles
17th & 18th Century Spanish Literature
Culteranismo
Characterized by elaborate and ornate language, Culteranismo is best exemplified by Luis de Góngora. This style emphasizes formal beauty, vivid imagery, and sensory details. Key features include:
- Brilliant metaphors
- Hyperbaton (altered word order)
- Cultisms (obscure vocabulary)
Conceptismo
Represented by Francisco de Quevedo and Baltasar Gracián, Conceptismo focuses on the density and collision of expression, prioritizing wit and ingenuity. This
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Phonic Resources
Alliteration
Repetition of syllables or phonemes in several words.
Onomatopoeia
Alliteration that plays a sound of nature.
Paronomasia
Slight phonetic modification with different meanings.
Calambur
Identical sound of words with different meanings.
Morpho-Syntactic Resources
Anaphora
Repetition of one or more words at the beginning of successive verses or sets.
Epiphora
Repetition of a word at the end of several verses or sets.
Anadiplosis
Last element of a group of words repeated at the beginning
Read MoreMedieval Literature: Oral Tradition, Epic Poetry, and the Rise of Romance
Medieval Literature: From Oral Tradition to Written Word
The Composition of Medieval Works
Medieval literature aimed to captivate the audience’s imagination and ensure understanding, relying heavily on auditory memory. This resulted in a degree of instability, particularly in genres like poetry, fiction, bestiaries, lapidaries, travelogues, and even guides for virtuous living.
Oral and Written Phenomena
Orality and writing served as cultural communication technologies. This period witnessed a growing
Read MoreLatin American Avant-Garde: A Break with Tradition
Latin American Avant-Garde
A Break with Tradition
The avant-garde in Latin America represented a break from the harmonious and formal rhetoric of the movement initiated by Nicaraguan poet Rubén Darío. These vanguards expressed a need to represent national cultures by returning to their own traditions.
Europe and Latin America: Identity and Difference
Various “isms” originated in different countries: Futurism in Italy, Dadaism in Switzerland, Expressionism in Germany, Surrealism in France, and Imagism
Read MoreMedieval Literature: A Journey Through Epic Poetry and Oral Tradition
The Middle Ages
The concept of the Middle Ages, spanning from the fall of the Roman Empire to the fall of Constantinople, was established by 17th-century historians. During this millennium, European and Mediterranean civilizations experienced both cultural decline and moments of glory.
Early and High Middle Ages
Following the Roman Empire’s decline, the Early Middle Ages began. This period saw the gradual assimilation of Latin culture by Germanic peoples and the East-West schism. The Christian Church
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