Spanish Literature: A Journey Through 20th-Century Movements
Avant-Garde Movements
The avant-garde aimed to revolutionize artistic expression and reflect the contemporary world. This resulted in an explosion of simultaneous movements, including:
Expressionism (1905):
A literary and artistic movement emphasizing intensified and distorted reality to express irrationality. Key figure: Ramón del Valle-Inclán.Futurism (1909):
Launched by Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, futurism celebrated science, technology, and modern culture. Introduced to Spain by Ramón Gómez de
Ancient Germanic Peoples: Customs, Warfare, and Society
Ancient Germanic Civilization
Land and People
Germany is separated from Gaul and Pannonia by the Rhine and Danube rivers. Mountains and mutual fear separate it from the Sarmatians and Dacians. The ocean surrounds the rest, encompassing vast gulfs and islands, home to recently discovered peoples.
All Germanic peoples share similar traits: fierce blue eyes, reddish-blond hair, large bodies built for combat. They tolerate thirst and heat poorly, accustomed to cold and hunger due to the climate and soil.
Read MoreSpanish Narrative and Theater until 1939
Item 3: Spanish Narrative until 1939
Pío Baroja, born in San Sebastian to a family of doctors, championed absolute freedom in his novels, expressing his personal vision through characters reflecting his own personality.
Key Elements of Baroja’s Novels:
- Characters: Misfits struggling against a pessimistic world.
- Action: Driven by a desire to avoid boredom, showcasing diverse environments, frequently Basque landscapes.
- Dialogue: The core of many works.
- Style: Clarity, precision, and speed, debated for
Oath of the Horatii: A Romantic Analysis
Technical Elements
In Jacques-Louis David’s Oath of the Horatii (1784), oil on canvas, the dominant colors are gray, ochre, and red, set against a black background with contrasting white dots. The brushstrokes are predominantly linear, emphasizing drawing and line. Natural light from the left illuminates the foreground figures, leaving the background in shadow. Linear perspective is evident in the floor and wall tiles, creating dimensional space.
Formal Elements
The composition is divided into three
Read MoreRelationships, Idioms, and Gestures
Attitudes
- Beautiful (adj)
- Beautifully (adv)
- Able (adj), Ability (n)
- (In)dignity (n)
- (Un)dignified (adj)
- Discrimination (n)
- (Un)equal (adj)
- (In)equality (n)
- (Un)equally (adv)
- (Un)grateful (adj)
- (Un)gratefully (adv)
- (Dis)honest (adj)
- (Dis)honestly (adv)
- (Dis)honesty (n)
- (In)humane (adj)
- (In)humanely (adv)
- (In)humanity (n)
- (Un)kind (adj)
- (Un)kindly (adv)
- (Un)kindness (n)
- (Dis)loyal (adj)
- (Dis)loyalty (n)
- Prejudice (n)
- Racism (n)
- (Dis)respect (n)
- (Dis)respectful (adj)
- (Dis)respectfully (adv)
- (Mis)trust (n, v)
- Aggression (n), Aggressive
20th Century Spanish Literature: Movements and Authors
Item 8: The Preceding Narrative of ’36
1. Modernism
Valle-Inclán’s Sonatas: A series of memoirs narrated by the Marquis of Bradomín, recounting his amorous adventures. Each sonata corresponds to a season and a love affair.
2. Generation of ’98
Characteristics:
- Focus on the present, diminishing the importance of the story.
- Central character with internal conflicts.
- Emphasis on dialogue, reducing the narrator’s role.
- Internal struggles of the protagonist as the central theme.
Themes:
- Concern for Spain’s decline.