Latin American Novel: Evolution and Key Authors
The 20th Century Latin American Novel
The twentieth-century Latin American novel opens with a novel of manners, inherited from the nineteenth century, without any attempt at formal innovation. From the 1940s, the first attempts to renew the aesthetic of the novel began, exploring what is specifically American while being influenced by the avant-garde European movements, especially Surrealism. The World is Wide and Alien by Ciro Alegria, in showing the peculiar psychology of the Indians expelled from
Read MoreModernism: Origins, Characteristics, and Key Authors
Modernism: Origins and Development
In the late 19th century, a general artistic and cultural crisis led to the emergence of modernism. This movement developed in the Hispanic world at the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Modernism represented a reaction by artists against bourgeois utilitarianism. It also took root in Latin America, where it joined the anti-imperialist sentiment of many countries struggling for independence from Spain, influenced by the United States.
Characteristics of Modernist
Read MoreRomanticism: A 19th-Century Cultural Revolution
Romanticism was a cultural and political movement that originated in Germany and the United Kingdom in the late 18th century. It was a revolutionary reaction against the rationalism of the Enlightenment and Classicism, giving importance to feeling. Its key feature was the break with classical tradition based on a stereotypical set of rules. Real freedom is the constant search of Romanticism, which is why its revolutionary feature is unquestionable. Because romance is a way of feeling and designing
Read More20th-Century Literature: Trends, Movements, and Key Figures
20th-Century Aesthetic Trends
Three main trends define 20th-century aesthetics:
- Existentialist Art: This trend reflects anxiety about the meaning of life and despair in the face of pain and death. It emerged especially early in the century and after World War II. Prominent Spanish writers from the Generation of ’98, such as Unamuno and Baroja, exemplify this trend.
- Experimental Art: Characterized by a desire to break with all prior norms and search for original innovations, this trend culminated
Ethical Standards for Engineers and the Concept of Freedom
Ethical Standards for Engineers
Article 36. – The engineer will be faithful to his employer or clients.
Article 37. – The engineer shall prevent conflicts of interest, whether foreseen or foreseeable, with his employers or clients, and shall accordingly report promptly any association, link, or circumstance that may affect his judgment or the quality of his services.
Article 38. – Engineers should not acknowledge their employers or clients when they believe that the work to be done will not be successful.
Read MoreSpanish Narrative Trends Post-Civil War to Late 20th Century
Spanish Narrative After the Civil War
After the Civil War, the Spanish narrative, as in lyric and drama, breaks with past trends. What is needed now is a new realism that aims to provide the reader with a witness of contemporary life.
The 1940s: The Existential Novel
The existential novel highlights at this time, centering on two themes: the uncertainty of human existence and the difficulty of communication between humans. The most representative writers of this period are Camilo José Cela and Miguel
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