16th Century Spanish Novel: Picaresque and Cervantes
16th Century Novel Development
The 16th century saw remarkable development in the novel, with several sub-genres emerging. These included pastoral, Byzantine, Moorish, and picaresque novels, adding to the existing chivalry and sentimental genres. Many of these subgenres offered an escape from everyday reality through reading. However, the picaresque novel uniquely addressed the issues of poverty and amorality within Spanish society. It presented realistic accounts of human types in urban settings,
Read MoreCatalan Literature: Key Authors and Movements
Troubadours and Early Catalan Literature
Genres of Troubadour Poetry:
- Sirventes: Glorification of war.
- Cry: Lament for the death of a character.
- Poetic Debate: Debate between two troubadours.
- Pastorela: Amorous dialogue between a troubadour and a shepherdess.
- Alba: Tells of the separation of two lovers after spending the night together.
Notable Troubadours:
- Guillem de Berguedà
- Guillem de Cabestany
- Cerverí de Girona: Wrote in Provençal, with some authors writing in Catalan but with Provençal influences.
Spanish Baroque Theater: History, Characteristics, and Key Elements
Spanish Baroque Theater: History and Evolution
The roots of theater trace back to ancient Greece in the 5th and 6th centuries BC, with performances held in outdoor public theaters. Prominent Greek playwrights include Sophocles, known for tragedies like *Oedipus Rex* and *Antigone*, and Aristophanes, famed for his political comedies. The influential philosopher Aristotle, in his *Poetics*, analyzed both tragedy (set in the distant past) and comedy. He established key principles for tragedy: a five-
Read MoreSpanish Literature: Early 20th Century to Interwar Period
Juan Ramón Jiménez (1881-1958)
Born in Huelva, Juan Ramón Jiménez married Zenobia Camprubí in 1916. They returned to Spain after the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War. Two years after winning the Nobel Prize in Literature, he died in Puerto Rico. His works are characterized by a constant search for perfection and can be divided into three stages:
- Sensitive Stage: Marked by Modernism, this stage features the sonority of verse and Modernist symbols and motifs. Notable works include Platero and
Satirical Songs of the Second Term: A Deep Dive into Medieval Iberian Poetry
**Thematic Characterization of Satirical Songs of the Second Term**
**Classification of Songs**
The second term encompasses satirical songs that treat the classification of songs according to scorn and scolding: political satire, religious-moral-social satire, and personal satire.
**A. Political Satire**
We can distinguish:
- Compositions referring to the war between Sancho II and Count of Boulogne for the throne of Portugal in the mid-13th century. They triumph in Boulogne, criticizing the knights who
Byzantine Empire: History, Periods, and Artistic Legacy
Byzantine Empire: Historical and Geographic Framework
From the late Roman Empire, the unity of the Mediterranean, once held together by Rome, began to crumble. The first step in this process was the division of the Empire into two parts upon the death of Theodosius: the Eastern Roman Empire, with its capital in Constantinople, and the Western Roman Empire, with its capital in Rome.
These two empires were vastly different in character. While the Western Roman Empire was based primarily on an agricultural
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