Homer’s Epics: Iliad and the Trojan War

**Homer’s Epics: The Iliad and the Trojan War**

**Homer’s Work**

Homer was a contemporary of the events narrated in his work. The city of Troy was taken by the Greeks around 1250 BC, five centuries before the *Iliad* was written. The bard was writing the verses and a singer of warriors’ deeds accompanied him, inspired by the Muses. They were part of the Mycenaean world when the Greek alphabet was not known, but a writing system existed. The bard was Mycenaean. He created a syllabary and sang learned

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Spanish Literature: Key Authors and Works (14th-15th Centuries)

**Juan de Mena (1411-1456)**

**Juan de Mena** wrote *The Labyrinth of Fate*. He travels to the Palace of Fortune, where there is a fortunate story with different characters from Cordoba.

**Jorge Manrique (1440-1479)**

**Jorge Manrique**, from Palencia, is known for mocking songs and love poetry influenced by the Provençal lyric and themes of the *dolce stil nuovo*. His most famous work is *Verses of Don Jorge Manrique on the Death of His Father*. *Coplas* is a lament for the death of a loved one.
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Roman Religious Practices and Beliefs: Family, Death, and Priesthood

Theme V: Roman Religious Practices and Beliefs

Family Deities

  • Person Founder of Gens: Traced back to a deity or personality of the heroic past.
  • Lares: Benefactors. Joint family divinities represented by statuettes were kept in a lararium located at the entrance of the house.
  • Penates: Divinities protecting the pantry (penus), home, as well as health and family welfare.
  • Manes: Corresponded to the dead souls of the family, represented by statuettes. They were honored with offerings of flowers and food.

The

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Antonio Machado’s Poem: A Reflection on Lost Dreams

Antonio Machado’s Poem: A Reflection on Lost Dreams

The main theme of the text is located in its last lines, particularly in the dialogue that the poet maintains with the source within him. The source of the poet tries to remember a dream that is too far away in time. This dialogue between the source and the poet takes place in a space and time perfectly located in the poem:

  • Time: Late summer
  • Area: A park

With a number of important elements: the ivy on the wall, the rusty iron gate, the old lock that

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Miguel de Cervantes: Life, Works, and Don Quixote

Miguel de Cervantes: Life and Works

Miguel de Cervantes (1547 – 1616) was born in Alcalá de Henares, Spain. He participated in the Battle of Lepanto, where he lost the use of his left hand. He was captured by Turks and held for five years until he was ransomed. In Seville, he served as a commissioner of provisions for the Spanish Armada and was jailed on occasion. He spent his last years in Valladolid and Madrid.

Poetry

Cervantes considered himself a poor poet, as he acknowledged in his work Journey

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Catalan Literature and History: Renaissance to 18th Century

Catalan Literature: Aftermath of Decline

  • Spanish version of the aristocracy of the old territories of the Crown of Aragon.
  • Loss of power of the Catalan bourgeoisie.
  • Frequent utilization of castles in the literature.
  • Input of Spanish in serious literature in the 17th century.
  • Loss of unity among different Catalan-speaking territories.

Renaissance

The revaluation brought the classical Greek and Latin culture. It is an intermediate stage between the Roman period and Renaixença.

16th Century (previously in

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