Spanish Literature: 1930s to 1970s – Trends and Key Poets
Spanish Literature: 1930s to 1970s
The 1930s: Rehumanization and Commitment
In the 1930s, avant-garde experimentation gave way to the rehumanization of literature, with writers taking on a greater commitment as intellectuals. The theme of death was no longer treated as an abstract concept but as the death of a loved one, as seen in Federico García Lorca’s Lament for Ignacio Sánchez Mejías. Literature became increasingly popular. New trends in poetry emerged, influenced by Pablo Neruda, who impacted
Read MoreSpanish Poets: Cernuda, Hernández, Alberti, and Salinas
Luis Cernuda
Stage of learning: Early poems express solitude before nature. Discovery of unfulfilled love (eclogue, elegy, ode) has romantic influence from Bécquer, Salinas, and Fray.
Stage of youth: Adopts and exploits surrealism. A rebellious and subversive poet. A river, love, search for the unknown. The forbidden pleasures: vindication of his homosexuality. Invocations: A set of 10 long poems, it celebrates passion and final disappointment. Nature becomes a refuge. It develops the theme of religiosity
Read MorePantheon and Maison Carrée: Roman Imperial Temples
The Pantheon
The Pantheon is a temple of the early second century, built in the Roman imperial style. The materials used are concrete, granite, marble, brick, and wood. It is located in the Field of Mars in Rome. The name means “Temple of all the Gods.” The dedication of the initial construction was carried out by Agrippa, a Roman politician and general. In the year 80 AD, a fire destroyed almost the entire temple. It was restored and rebuilt by Hadrian in the early second century AD.
The gigantic
Read MoreThe Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire: Culture, Conquest, and Legacy
Rome and its Empire
The history of Rome unfolded in three main stages:
Etruscan Monarchy
Initially, the Italian Peninsula was inhabited by various peoples. Around 753 BC, the Etruscans imposed their rule, forcing the primitive inhabitants into submission. The first king of Rome was Romulus. The Romans disliked the Etruscans.
Roman Republic
Around 509 BC, the subjugated peoples, including the Latins, rebelled against the Etruscans. This led to the establishment of a republic, governed by magistrates and
Read MoreSpanish Poetry: Civil War to Present Day
**Spanish Poetry: Civil War to Present Day**
**1. Miguel Hernández (Civil War Lyric)**
This is not the generation of poets of ’27 and avant-garde poets.
Themes:
- Love, woman, and son.
- Pain and death: Personal experiences cause suffering and war, whose highest expression is death.
- Life and a better future: Hope.
Stages:
- 1st stage: The Lightning That Doesn’t Stop: The main theme is the inability to fully love. Written in sonnets, it contains Ramon Sijé Elegy (theme: friendship), uses composition and sonnet
Theater and Post-War Literature: Scenarios, Styles, and Key Authors
Theater
- Lighting Scenarios:
- Realistic – Commercial, realism, naturalness, character actor
- Politico – Changing society (Almnes: Erwin Piscator and Bertolt Brecht)
- Of Cruelty – Evils protest against the world (text, music or gestures) unpleasant pictures. (Alfred Jarry, Antonin Artaud)
- Psychological – Psychological burden of characters trying to transmit things. (Henrik Ibsen)
- Theater of the Absurd – Reflects the absurdity of human existence (incoherent characters, illogical situations) (Luigi Pirandello,